Smoking, Alcohol, and Betel Quid and Oral Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study

Table 2

Multivariate logistic regression model of risk factors for developing oral cancer.

Variables	No. of patients; (𝑁=10,487)	Odds ratio	95% Confidence Interval		𝑃 value
			Lower limit	Upper limit
Age
18–39 years^†	2330	1.00			<.001
40–49 years	1838	3.68	2.11	6.41	<.001
50–59 years	2071	6.19	3.62	10.58	<.001
≥60 years	4247	3.66	2.09	6.43	<.001
Personal habits
None^†	7775	1.00			<.001
Smoking only	1040	5.13	3.17	8.32	<.001
Alcohol consumption only	464	1.33	0.48	3.74	.584
Betel quid chewing only	43	11.95	3.54	40.33	<.001
Smoking + alcohol	518	9.88	6.05	16.12	<.001
Smoking + betel quid	135	26.56	14.52	48.58	<.001
Alcohol + betel quid	38	21.84	8.04	59.36	<.001
Smoking + alcohol + betel quid chewing	474	46.87	31.84	69.00	<.001

^†Reference group.