|
| Study | Cases/controls | Age (years) | Case recruitment | Control selection | Overall* | Before pregnancy | During pregnancy | After birth |
|
| Lee et al. 2009, Korea [42] | 106/164 | 0–18 | Incident childhood leukemia cases diagnosed in three hospitals in Seoul between 2003 and 2005 | Other patients from the three hospitals where cases came from, matched for age and sex | ≥400 cigarettes/life time | number of PYs, ≤10 or >10 PYs | smoking at home during pregnancy | number of PYs, ≤10 or >10 PYs |
| Rudant et al. 2008, France [33] | 647/1681 | <15 | Cases were identified directly by investigators with support of the national cancer registry in France between 2003 and 2004 | Population based, with quota match for age and sex | | CPDs from the year prior to the child's birth to the interview | CPDs from the year prior to the child's birth to the interview | CPDs from the year prior to the child's birth to the interview |
| MacArthur et al. 2008, Canada [28] | 351/399 | 0–14 | Incidence case from 5 regions in Canada, diagnosed between 1990 and 1994 | From health insurance roll, matched for age, sex, and area for each case | ever smoker | CPDs before pregnancy | CPDs in the year prior to the child birth | |
| Menegaux et al. 2007, France [30] | 407/567 | <15 | Cases derived from the national registry in 14 regions between 1995 and 1998 | Population based, frequency match for age, sex, and area | | CPDs in the 3 months before pregnancy | | CPD from the child's birth to the diagnosis |
| Chang et al. 2006, USA [23] | 228/306 | ≤15 | hospital diagnosed cases between 1995 and 2002, North California Childhood Leukemia Study | Random selection from birth certificates, individual match for age, sex, and maternal race | ever smoker: ≥100 cigs before diagnosis | CPD in the 3 months before pregnancy | | |
| Menegaux et al. 2005, France [31] | 240/142 | <15 | newly diagnosed acute leukemia cases from 1995 to 1999 in four cities in France | Mostly from departments of orthopedic of the same hospital, matched for age range | | | | CPDs from the index birth to interview |
| Pang et al. 2003, England [32] | 1375/6987 | <15 | National wide population-based cancer cases diagnosed by regional oncology units between 1991–1994 in Scotland and 1992–1994 in England | Randomly selected from Family Health Serves Authorities lists, and matched for sex, date of birth, and geographical area of residence | | ever smoked before conception | | |
| Sorahan et al. 2001, England [37] | 139/132 | <15 | Children first diagnosed with leukemia in 3 areas in England in 1980–1983§ | From General Practitioners list, matched for sex and date of birth | | CPDs | | |
| Infante-Rivard et al. 2000, Canada [26] | 486/486 | 0–9 | Cases from tertiary care centers for childhood cancers, diagnosed in 1980–1993, Quebec | Population based from family allowance, matched for age, sex, and area | | | | CPDs between birth and date of diagnosis |
| Brondum et al. 1999, USA [21] | 1618/1986 | <15 | Newly diagnosed with leukemia via clinical trial registries from 1989 to 1993, CCG study | RDD, individually matched on age, race, area code and exchange | smoking amounts during lifetime | ever smoked one month before pregnancy | ever smoked during the three trimesters | ever smoked during nursing period |
| Schuz et al. 1999, German [43] | 686/2588 | <15 | From a national wide cancer registry (1992–1997) and from cases diagnosed (1980–1994) and lived in vicinity of nuclear installations | randomly selected from complete files of local offices of registration of residents, matched for area, sex, and similar date of birth (within one year) | | CPDs in the last 3 months before pregnancy | | |
| Sorahan et al. 1997b, England [38] | 573/573 | <16 | Children who died from leukemia in England, Wales, and Scotland between 1971 to 1976 | From birth registers of local authority areas where cases died, matched by sex and date of birth | current status, 6 levels from 0 to 40 CPD | | | |
| Sorahan et al. 1997a, England [36] | 367/367 | <16 | Children who died from leukemia in England, Wales, and Scotland between 1953 to 1955 | From birth registers of local authority areas where cases died, matched for sex and date of birth | current status, 4 levels from 0 to 20 CPD | | | |
| Ji et al. 1997, China [41] | 114/114 | <15 | Newly diagnosed childhood cancer cases from 1985 to 1991 in Shanghai | Population-based controls from household registry, matched for sex, and year of birth | | PYs before conception | | PYs after birth |
| Shu et al. 1996, USA, Canada [34] | 191/363 | ≤18 months | infants newly diagnosed matched for leukemia from 1983 to 1988 via clinical trial registries | RDD, individually matched for year of birth, telephone area code, and exchange number | | CPDs in the month prior to pregnancy | CPDs during pregnancy | |
| Sorahan et al. 1995, England [35] | 371/371 | <16 | Children who died from leukemia in England, Wales, and Scotland between 1977 to 1981§ | From the birth register of the local authority area in which the case child died, matched for sex and date of birth | | | CPDs during prenatal period, categorized into 6 levels | |
| John et al. 1991, USA [27] | 47/184 | 0–14 | Incident cases aged 0–14 diagnosed in Denver, Colorado from 1976 to 1983 | RDD, matched on age, sex, and geographic area. | | CPDs during the 12 months prior to birth | CPDs during the 12 months prior to birth | |
| Magnani et al. 1990, Italy [29] | 142/307 | 6.1/6.6# | Pediatric hospital prevalent cases in Turin Italy, diagnosed between 1974 and 1984 | Randomly sampled from medical or surgical wards of the same hospitals, no matches | | CPDs up to child’s birth | CPDs up to child’s birth | |
|
