Hypermethylation of CCND2 May Reflect a Smoking-Induced Precancerous Change in the Lung
Table 2
Clinical data of 151 cancer-free subjects with lung tissue available for MethyLight assay.
Never-smokers ()
Ever-smokers ()
Age at surgery (mean years ± sd)
43.7 ± 11.6
61.0 ± 9.9
20–39
11 (37%)
2 (2%)
40–49
8 (27%)
14 (12%)
50–59
9 (30%)
33 (27%)
60–69
2 (7%)
43 (36%)
70–79
0 (0%)
29 (24%)
Female gender
18 (60%)
58 (48%)
Smoking pack years
1–39
N/A
50 (41%)
≥40
N/A
71 (59%)
Years since quitting
a
0 (Current)
N/A
15 (13%)
1–4
N/A
31 (26%)
5–9
N/A
27 (23%)
10–19
N/A
30 (25%)
≥20
N/A
17 (14%)
Surgery
Lung volume reduction
0 (0%)
57 (47%)
Lung transplant
9 (30%)
31 (26%)
Wedge Biopsy
18 (60%)
24 (20%)
Lobectomy
2 (7%)
5 (4%)
Bullectomy
0 (0%)
4 (3%)
Segmentectomy
1 (3%)
0 (0%)
Number of samples evaluated
One sample
17 (57%)
23 (19%)
Multiple samples
13 (43%)
98 (81%)
Sample locations
b
Upper lobe only
5 (17%)
60 (50%)
Middle lobe or lingula only
6 (21%)
1 (1%)
Lower lobe only
10 (34%)
21 (18%)
Multiple lobes
8 (28%)
37 (31%)
Etiology
Emphysemac
3 (10%)
86 (71%)
Inflammatory conditionsd
13 (43%)
21 (17%)
Infectious diseases
4 (13%)
7 (6%)
Cystic fibrosis
5 (17%)
0 (0%)
Pulmonary hypertension
1 (3%)
2 (2%)
Sarcoidosis
1 (3%)
1 (1%)
Lymphoid hyperplasia
1 (3%)
1 (1%)
Infarct
1 (3%)
1 (1%)
Hemangioma
0 (0%)
1 (1%)
Trapped lung
1 (3%)
0 (0%)
No histologic abnormalities
0 (0%)
1 (1%)
aQuit years not available for 1 subject.
bSample location unknown for 4 samples from 3 subjects.
cSee results section for details.
dInflammatory conditions included chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, pulmonary fibrosis, and granulomatous disease.
