Hypermethylation of CCND2 May Reflect a Smoking-Induced Precancerous Change in the Lung

Table 3

All subjects—odds ratios for promoter hypermethylation (95%  CI).

	Ever-smokers versus never-smokers	Age per 10 years	Female versus male	Upper versus lower lobe
Univariate^a
APC	1.3 (0.6–2.9)	1.1 (0.9–1.4)	0.6 (0.5–0.8)	1.6 (0.9–2.7)
CCND2	6.9 (1.6–29.8)	1.9 (1.4–2.7)	0.8 (0.6–1.1)	2.3 (1.2–4.4)
Multivariate^a
APC	1.0 (0.4–2.6)	1.0 (0.8–1.3)	0.6 (0.4–0.8)	1.6 (1.0–2.8)
CCND2	2.8 (0.6–12.1)	1.7 (1.2–2.4)	0.8 (0.6–1.2)	2.0 (1.0–3.8)

^aAssociations between clinical parameters and gene hypermethylation, assessed at PMR > 0%, in all 316 lung specimens from 151 subjects.