Hypermethylation of CCND2 May Reflect a Smoking-Induced Precancerous Change in the Lung

Table 4

Ever-smokers only—odds ratios for promoter hypermethylation (95%  CI).

	Pack years per 10 years	Quit years per 10 years	Age per 10 years	Female versus male	Upper versus lower lobe
Univariate^a
APC	1.0 (0.9–1.1)	0.9 (0.6–1.2)	1.1 (0.8–1.5)	0.6 (0.5–0.8)	2.0 (1.1–3.5)
CCND2	1.1 (1.0–1.3)	0.8 (0.6–1.1)	1.8 (1.3–2.6)	0.8 (0.6–1.1)	1.9 (1.0–3.5)
Multivariate^a
APC	0.9 (0.8–1.1)	0.8 (0.6–1.2)	1.2 (0.8–1.7)	0.6 (0.4–0.8)	2.1 (1.1–4.0)
CCND2	1.0 (0.9–1.2)	0.8 (0.5–1.2)	1.8 (1.2–2.9)	0.9 (0.6–1.2)	1.7 (0.9–3.4)

^aAssociations between clinical parameters and gene hypermethylation in 269 lung specimens from 121 subjects with a current or past history of smoking.