ING Genes Work as Tumor Suppressor Genes in the Carcinogenesis of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Figure 1
Structure of ING proteins in Homo sapiens. Each ING protein with its name and encoding major variants is listed on the left. The characterized domain composition, approximate location, is shown on the right. All ING proteins contain three conserved regions, a PHD (plant homeodomain), NLS (nuclear localization signal), and NCR (novel conserved region) from C-terminal region to N-terminal region. An LZL (leucine zipper-like domain) is present in ING2-5. p3 also have a PIP (PCNA-Interacting Protein Motif) domain through which it binds to PCNA following UV irradiation, a PBD (partial bromodomain) which commonly found in chromatin-associated protein, and an LID (Lamin Interaction domain). p3 binds to lamin A/HDAC complexes via LID to maintain its levels and biological function in nucleus. Additionally, phosphorylation sites were found at serine 199 of p3. 14-3-3 bind to phosphorylated serine 199 result in translocation of p3 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
