The Insulin and IGF-I Pathway in Endocrine Glands Carcinogenesis

Table 2

Preclinical and clinical studies.

	In vitro	In vivo	Trials	References
Thyroid cancer	Ab, IS	Ab, IS	—	Wang et al. 2006 [167]; Aiello et al. 2006 [169]; Chen et al. 2012 [170]
Adrenal cancer	TKI, Ab, IS	TKI, Ab	Ab, TKI	Barlaskar et al., 2009 [209]; Shen et al. 2007 [210]; Almeida et al., 2008 [177]; Ferruzzi et al., 2005 [213]; Cantini et al. 2008 [179]
Ovarian cancer	Ab, TKI, IS	IS	Ab, IS	Chakrabarty and Kondratick 2006 [223]; Gotlieb et al., 2006 [236]; Liao et al. 2012 [238]; Li et al., 2012 [237]; Romero et al., 2012 [239]

TKI: tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting the IGF system; Ab: antibody; IS: insulin sensitizer.