Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Glioma: Friend or Foe?
Figure 4
Frequency and functional changes in tumor-associated macrophages and microglia (TAMs) in ex vivo tumor specimens over the course of tumor development. While the percentage of TAMs (CD11b+CD45+ cells) was increased by the final time point (1.1% versus 5.6%, ), their functional capacity was impaired as measured by TNF-α expression (25.2% versus 10.9%, ). Thirteen mice were analyzed at 13 dpi (), 26 dpi (), and at 29 dpi upon exhibiting clinical tumor morbidity () or at 40 dpi (). Differences between the means at each time point were tested using two-sided t-tests with unequal variances. , , . Published with permission from Kennedy et al. [21].