Early Pseudoprogression following Chemoradiotherapy in Glioblastoma Patients: The Value of RANO Evaluation

Table 3

Analysis of independent predictors of survival in the cohort of glioblastoma patients submitted to chemoradiotherapy.

Variable	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
	HR	95% CI	𝑃 value	HR	95% CI	𝑃 value
Age
≥60 versus <60 years	1.26	0.75–2.10	0.389	—	—	—
Gender
M versus F	0.98	0.57–1.69	0.943	—	—	—
Type of surgery
Biopsy versus total or subtotal resection	3.47	1.83–6.58	<0.001	2.60	1.35–4.99	0.004
Number of surgeries
1 versus >1	0.97	0.54–1.75	0.921	—	—	—
Corticosteroids
Increasing versus stable or decreasing	1.04	0.54–2.02	0.903	—	—	—
ECOG
0–2 versus >2	0.34	0.17–0.72	0.005	ns
Number of TMZ cycles
≥6 versus <6	0.16	0.09–0.29	<0.001	0.18	0.10–0.32	<0.001

CI: confidence interval; HR: hazard ratio; M: male; F: female; TMZ: temozolomide; ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; ns: nonsignificant. Results indicated in bold are significant. Multivariate analysis used Cox proportional hazards model with a forward stepwise regression procedure.