|
| Authors, years, and country | Study design | Population | Cases/controls or P-years | Type of exposure | Range of exposure | RR (95% CI) | Variables of adjustment or comments |
|
Weiderpass et al., 2004
Norway-Sweden [53] | Cohort | Caucasian | 733/99,717 | BMI
BMI at age 18
Body shape at age 7 | >30 versus <20
≥25 versus 20–24.9
Fat/very fat versus average | 0.62 (0.40–0.97)
0.74 (0.59–0.91)
0.69 (0.50–0.93) | Age at enrolment, parity, age at FFT pregnancy, OC, age at menarche, FHBC, total duration of breast feeding, and country |
Lahmann et al., 2004
Germany [23] | Cohort | Caucasian | 474/73,542 | BMI
WHR | ≥28.8 versus <21.5
>0.846 versus <0.736 | 0.82 (0.59–1.14)
1.05 (0.74–1.50) | Study center, age, educational attainment, smoking, alcohol, parity, age at first pregnancy, age at menarche, and current pill use |
Baer et al., 2005
United States [54] | Cohort | Caucasian | 1,318/109,267 | Increase body fatness | | | Age, time period, birth weight, height,
recent alcohol consumption, parity, age
at first birth, OC, history of benign breast disease, and first degree of FHBC |
| From age 5 to 10 | ≥2 levels versus no change | 0.77 (0.61–0.98) |
| From age 5 to 20 | ≥2 levels versus no change | 0.77 (0.65–0.91) |
| From age 10 to 20 | ≥2 levels versus no change | 0.82 (0.67–0.99) |
Tehard and Clavel-Chapelon, 2006
France [28] | Cohort | Caucasian | 275/20,068 | BMI
WHR | >30 versus <18.5
≥0.82 versus 0.74 | 0.26 (0.06–1.00)
0.60 (0.39–0.91) | FHBC, age at menarche, age at FFTP, parity, history of benign breast disease, alcohol consumption, education, marital status, and physical activity |
Baer et al., 2010
United States [45] | Cohort | Caucasian | 2,188/188,860 | Body fatness
Childhood 5–10 Y
Adolescent 10–20 Y |
0.2 unit increase
0.1 unit increase |
0.91 (0.87–0.94)
0.88 (0.87–0.94) | Age, time period, parity, age at first birth, FHBC, personal history of benign breast disease, height, alcohol intake, OC, and birth weight |
Harris et al., 2011
United States [31] | Cohort | Caucasian | 620/45,799 | WHR ER− | ≥0.84 versus <0.73 | 1.95 (1.10–3.46) | Age, height, history of benign breast disease, FHBC, age at menarche, age at FFTP, parity, OC, alcohol, and physical activity |
Kuriyama et al., 2005
Japan [46] | Cohort | Asian | 33/5,214 | BMI | ≥29.9 versus <25
≥30 versus <25 | 0.84 (0.24–2.88)
2.67 (1.03–6.92) | Age, smoking, alcohol, consumption of meat, fish, fruits, green or yellow consumption of bean-paste soup, type of health, parity, age at menarche, and age at FFT pregnancy |
| Iwasaki et al., 2007Japan [47] | Cohort | Asian | 441/55,537 | BMI | >30 versus <19 | 1.47 (0.53–3.47) | Age, area, number of births, age at first birth, and height |
Wu et al., 2006
Taiwan [55] | Cohort | Asian | 104/11,889 | BMI
WHR | >26.2 versus 21.6
<0.85 versus <0.77 | 1.90 (1.00–3.40)
0.60 (0.30–1.20) | Age at enrollment, height, weight |
| Kawai et al., 2010 Japan [22] | Cohort | Asian | 108/10,106 | BMI | ≥25 versus <20 | 2.54 (1.16–5.55) | Age, education level, smoking, alcohol, time spent walking, which are known or suspected risk factors for BC. Menstrual and reproductive factors, HRT, and FHBC |
Palmer et al., 2007
United States [35] | Cohort | African-American | 496/59,000 | BMI at age 18 years Current BMI
WHR | ≥25 versus <20
≥37 versus <25
≥0.87 versus <0.71 | 0.68 (0.46–0.87)
0.72 (0.54–0.96)
1.16 (0.85–1.59) | Age, age at menarche, parity, age at first birth, FHBC |
Enger et al., 2000
United States [56] | Case-control | Caucasian | 701/714 | BMI | | | Age at reference year, socioeconomic status, age at menarche, age at FFT, number of full-term pregnancies, months of breastfeeding |
| ER+PR+ | >32.4 versus <17.36 | 1.11 (0.7–1.77) |
| ER+PR− | >32.4 versus <17.36 | 0.92 (0.34–2.47) |
| ER−PR− | >32.4 versus <17.36 | 1.07 (0.56–1.68) |
Friedenreich et al., 2002
Canada [48] | Case-control | Caucasian | 462/475 | BMI
WHR | ≥29.2 versus <23.1
≥0.81 versus <0.72 | 0.69 (0.47–1.02)
1.22 (0.84–1.79) | Age, total caloric intake, physical activity, educational level, HRT, diagnosed with benign BC, FHBC, alcohol, and smoking |
Magnusson and Roddam, 2005
United kingdom [57] | Case-control | Caucasian | 1560/1548 | Body fatness at 10 Y
Change between 10 and diagnosis | Plump versus thin
Plump/overweight versus thin/thin | 0.83 (0.69–0.99)
0.75 (0.56–1.01) | Age and recruitment, region, parity, age at first birth, height, OC, and alcohol |
| Berstad et al., 2010 United States [30] | Case-control | Caucasian | 2,097/2,035 | BMI at 18 years
Recent BMI | ≥25 versus <20
≥35 versus <25 | 0.76 (0.63–0.90)
0.81 (0.61–1.06) | Age, race, education, study site, family history, parity, age at menopause, and HT use |
Wenten et al., 2002
United States [50] | Case-control | Caucasian
Hispanic | 687/820 | BMI | | | Age; FHBC; total MET-hours; parity; OC; breastfeeding; and age at first live birth |
| Caucasian | ≥30 versus <22 | 0.71 (0.19–2.63) |
| Hispanic | ≥30 versus <22 | 1.64 (0.52–5.11) |
Slattery et al., 2007
United States [36] | Case-control | Caucasian
Hispanic | 2,325/2,525 | Current BMI | | | Age, height, physical activity, energy intake, parity, alcohol consumption, age at first pregnancy, and center |
| Caucasian | >30 versus <25 | 0.82 (0.58–1.17) |
| Hispanic | >30 versus <25 | 0.96 (0.63–1.46) |
| BMI at 30 years | | |
| Caucasian | >30 versus <25 | 0.91 (0.52–1.60) |
| Hispanic | >30 versus <25 | 0.46 (0.25–0.84) |
John et al., 2011
United States [58] | Case-control | Caucasian
African-American
Hispanic | 672/808 | BMI all
African-American
Caucasian
Hispanic
WHR
African-American
Caucasian
Hispanic | >30 versus <25
>30 versus <25
>30 versus <25
>30 versus <25
>0.85 versus ≤0.77
>0.85 versus ≤0.77
>0.85 versus ≤0.77
>0.85 versus ≤0.77 | 0.60 (0.45–0.79)
0.65 (0.35–1.23)
0.60 (0.28–1.30)
0.52 (0.35–0.77)
0.78 (0.56–1.08)
0.82 (0.39–1.74)
1.35 (0.47–3.86)
0.71 (0.46–1.11) | Age, country of birth, education level, FHBC biopsy-confirmed history of benign breast disease, age at menarche, parity, breastfeeding, alcohol, physical activity, daily caloric intake, and height. Analyses of all women combined were also adjusted for race/ethnicity |
Ng et al., 1997
Singapore [33] | Case-control | Asian | 74/297 | WHR | >0.86 versus <0.75 | 7.81 (2.8–21.9) | Age, menopausal status, age at menarche, parity, number of birth, age FFT birth, HR, OC, breast feeding, smoking, height, weight, BMI |
| Chow et al., 2005 China [20] | Case-control | Asian | 198/353 | BMI | 27–31 versus <19 | 1.32 (0.39–4.43) | Age, number of pregnancies, FHBC, income, smoking, alcohol, use of OC, education |
Sangaramoorthy et al., 2011
United States [59] | Case-control | Hispanic | 210/265 | Weight at age 10
Weight at age 15 Weight at age 20 | Heavier versus lighter
Heavier versus lighter
Heavier versus lighter | 0.63 (0.33–1.20)
0.31 (0.16–0.61)
0.44 (0.24–0.84) | Age, country of birth, education, FHBC, prior biopsy-confirmed history of benign breast disease, parity, lifetime, breastfeeding, age at FFT, OC, adult height, alcohol consumption, and average caloric intake |
Huang et al., 1999
United States [38] | Case-control | Caucasian
African-American | 436/354 | BMI all
ER+PR+
ER−PR−
WHR all
ER+PR+
ER−PR− | >31 versus <31
>31 versus <31
>31 versus <31
>0.8 versus ≤0.8
>0.8 versus ≤0.8
>0.8 versus ≤0.8 | 1.00 (0.70–1.30)
1.10 (0.70–1.70)
0.70 (0.40–1.20)
1.40 (1.10–1.70)
1.40 (1.00–1.90)
1.40 (0.90–2.00) | Age at menarche, nulliparity, breastfeeding, abortion or miscarriage, BMI, WHR, oral contraceptive, HRT, FHBC, smoking, alcohol, education, medical radiation to the chest |
Hall et al., 2000
United States [40] | Case-control | Caucasian
African-American | 390/319 | BMI | | | Age, age at menarche, parity/age at FFT pregnancy, lactation, education |
| Black | 14.6–24.6 versus 30.1–58.2 | 0.89 (0.38–2.07) |
| White | 14.6–24.6 versus 30.1–58.2 | 0.46 (0.26–0.80) |
| WHR | | |
| Black | 0.6–0.77 versus 0.86–1.34 | 2.50 (1.10–5.67) |
| White | 0.6–0.77 versus 0.86–1.34 | 2.44 (1.17–5.09) |
Adebamowo et al., 2003
Nigeria [49] | Case-control | African | 234/273 | BMI | ≥30 versus <20 | 1.21 (0.56–2.60) | Age, age at menarche, age at first pregnancy, height |
Ogundiran et al., 2010
Nigeria [34] | Case-control | African | 707/820 | BMI | 31.2 versus <19.5
≥28 versus <21 | 0.70 (0.50–0.98)
0.76 (0.48–1.21) | Age, ethnicity, education, age at menarche, number of live births, age at first live birth, duration of breastfeeding, menopausal status, FHBC, benign BC, OC, and alcohol |
Wu et al., 2007
Asian [39] | Case-control | Asian | 1,277/1,160 | BMI
WHR | >24.60 versus ≤20.43
>0.84 versus ≤0.76 | 0.67 (0.46–0.98)
1.20 (0.82–1.77) | Age, Asian ethnicity, duration of residence in the US, education, age at menarche, number of live births, menopausal status, intake of tea and soy during adolescence and adult life, and physical activity |
Ma et al., 2006
United States [60] | Case-control | Asian | 1,725/440 | BMI | ≥35 versus <25 | 0.61 (0.38–0.99) | Race, age, education, first-degree FHBC, age at menarche, gravity, number of full-term pregnancy, BMI 1 year before reference date, OC |
|
Mathew et al., 2008 India [24] | Case-control | Asian | 898/1,182 | BMI | 25–29.9 versus <25
>30 versus <25 | 1.33 (1.50–1.62)
1.56 (1.03–2.35) | Age, center, religion, marital status, education, socioeconomic status, residence status, parity, age at 1st childbirth, breast feeding, and physical activity |
Connolly et al., 2002
Canada [37] | Meta-analysis | All | 19 studies | WHR | 0.1 unit increase | 1.79 (1.22–2.62) | A meta-analysis was done to summarize literature on WHR and breast cancer risk published from January 1966 to August 2002 |
Harvie et al., 2003
United kingdom [32] | | All | 8 studies:
5 cohort and
3 case-control | WHR | | | Lifestyles and reproductive factors
(confounders that were found to be
significant in proportional hazard regression analysis) |
| Meta-analysis | Cohort studies | >0.80 versus <0.75 | 1.59 (1.14–2.22) |
| | Case-control studies | >0.80 versus <0.75 | 2.70 (1.52–4.76) |
Suzuki et al., 2009
Sweden [27] | Meta-analysis | All | 31 studies:
9 cohort and
22 case-control | BMI ER+PR+ | 5 units increase | 0.90 (0.82–0.99) | Meta-analysis of cohort and case-control studies (from 1970 to 2007) between body weight, and the incidence of BC defined by ER/PR status |
Van Den Brandt et al., 2000
United States [29] | Meta-analysis | Caucasian | 7 cohort studies | BMI | >31 versus <21 | 0.54 (0.34–0.85) | OC use, history of benign BC, FHBC, smoking status, education, fat intake, fiber intake, energy intake, and alcohol intake |
Renehan et al., 2008
United States [25] | Meta-analysis | Caucasian
Asian | 20 studies
79,30/2, 559,829 | BMI (all) | 5 units increase | 0.92 (0.88–0.97) | Cohort and case-control studies published from 1966 to November 2007 were included in the analysis. The dose response meta-analysis was adjusted by geographic region and cancer site |
| North American | 5 units increase | 0.91 (0.85–0.98) |
European and
Australian | 5 units increase | 0.89 (0.84–0.94) |
| Asia-Pacific | 5 units increase | 1.16 (1.01–1.32) |
|
