Diverse Effects of Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptors on Ovarian Cancer Signaling Pathways

Figure 2

AKT and ERK expression is altered in LPAR OVCAR3 KO cells. (a) Protein levels of p-ERK/ERK in 2D OVCAR3 cell line. p-ERK/ERK ratio is elevated in LPAR3KO () and LPAR6KO () cells compared with untreated control cells and elevated in LPAR2KO upon LPA stimulation compared with treated controls (). (b) Protein levels of p-ERK/ERK in the 3D model of OVCAR3 cell line. p-ERK/ERK ratio is elevated in spheroids of LPAR3KO yet decreased in spheroids of LPAR2KO () compared with untreated control cells. Average ± SE; , , and compared with treated control (Student’s t-test). Group size: 2D: control n = 4, LPAR2KO n = 5, LPAR3KO n = 4, LPAR6KO n = 4; treated: control n = 5, LPAR2KO n = 4, LPAR3KO n = 4, LPAR6KO n = 4. Group size: 3D untreated: control n = 16, LPAR2KO n = 16, LPAR3KO n = 16, LPAR6KO n = 14; treated: control n = 8, LPAR2KO n = 9, LPAR3KO n = 9, LPAR6KO n = 8. (c, d) Protein levels of p-AKT/AKT in ES2 cells. p-AKT/AKT ratio is elevated in LPAR2KO cells both in 2D () and 3D models (). In addition, spheroids of LPAR2KO showed decreased p-AKT levels after treatment with 10 μM LPA for 24 hours compared with untreated KO (). , , and compared with untreated cells (Student’s T-test). Group size: 2D: control n = 5, LPAR2KO n = 5, LPAR3KO n = 5, LPAR6KO n = 6; treated: control n = 6, LPAR2KO n = 5, LPAR3KO n = 6, LPAR6KO n = 6. Group size: 3D untreated: control n = 8, LPAR2KO n = 6, LPAR3KO n = 10, LPAR6KO n = 10; treated: control n = 4, LPAR2KO n = 4, LPAR3KO n = 4, LPAR6KO n = 5.

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