Surgical Technique and Outcome of Custom Joint-Sparing Endoprosthesis as a Reconstructive Modality in Juxta-Articular Bone Sarcoma

Table 3

The literature review of joint-sparing limb salvage using biological reconstruction, showing complications and functional outcome.

Series	Year	No. of patients	Implant/allograft and site of the tumor	Survival of the allograft at last follow-up	Complications/revision	Infection	Recurrence	MSTS score
(1) Manfrini et al. [12]	1999	10	Vascularized fibula graft and massive allograft		Valgus deformity limb-length discrepancy 2–3.5 cm	None reported	None reported, but 4 were lost for follow-up	Satisfactory
(2) Aponte-Tinao et al. [7]	2015	35	Epiphyseal preservation and allograft tibia and femur	Overall survival rate of the patients was 86% at 5 years	14 (40%) patients Fracture and nonunion. Removal in 10 patients	2 (6%)	3	The mean functional score was 26 points at final follow-up
(3) Agarwal et al. [3]	2010	19	Bone allograft, autograft, or vascularized fibula	16/25 at a median follow-up of 34 months. There were four deaths	4 (22%) fracture and nonunion	2 (10%)	4	The musculoskeletal tumor society score ranged from 27 to 30
(4) Abdelaal et al. [9]	2015	18	Epiphyseal sparing and reconstruction	Five- and ten-year rates of survival were 94.4%	Fracture of the graft and nonunion in 2 patients (11%)	2 (11%)	1	MSTS score was excellent in 17 patients (94.4%) and poor in one (5.5%)
(5) Li et al. [11]	2017	41	Vascularized fibula and bone allograft	All at follow-up of 3–11 years; Mean 4.4 years	Revision in 10 patients (24%) osteonecrosis in remaining epiphysis in 13 patients. (31%)		3	MSTS score 22–30 Median = 28
(6) Muratori et al. [13]	2018	64	Resections around ankle, knee, and hip	Mean follow-up was 117 months (12–305)	Fracture 26%. Nonunion 14%	3 patients (4.7%)	Not reported	27 (18–30)