Variation in Provider Identification of Obesity by Individual- and Neighborhood-Level Characteristics among an Insured Population

Table 2

Adjusted association of neighborhood characteristics and obesity claim among insured population ($N$ = 13,434).

	OR (95% CI)
Neighborhood-level characteristics
Proportion of Black residents
Tertile 3 (highest)	0.7$1^{†}$ (0.57, 0.89)
Tertile 2	0.7$9^{†}$ (0.64, 0.96)
Tertile 1 (lowest)	1.00 (reference)
Median household income
Tertile 3 (highest)	1.01 (0.84, 1.38)
Tertile 2	0.98 (0.78, 1.24)
Tertile 1 (lowest)	1.00 (reference)
Percent high school graduate
Tertile 3 (highest)	0.91 (0.72, 1.15)
Tertile 2	1.14 (0.91, 1.42)
Tertile 1 (lowest)	1.00 (reference)
Percent urban
Tertile 3 (highest)	1.10 (0.88, 1.38)
Tertile 2	1.6$2^{†}$ (1.31, 2.01)
Tertile 1 (lowest)	1.00 (reference)
Percent above federal poverty threshold	0.99 (0.97, 1.00)
Member-level characteristics
Female	1.4$7^{†}$ (1.27, 1.70)
Age
Age 44 and below	1.6$7^{†}$ (1.45, 1.92)
Age 45 and above	1.00 (reference)
Hypertension	1.5$0^{†}$ (1.26, 1.80)
Type 2 Diabetes	0.95 (0.80, 1.13)
Dyslipidemia	1.5$4^{†}$ (1.28, 1.86)
Obesity class
Class III	4.1$2^{†}$ (3.45, 4.89)
Class II	2.0$4^{†}$ (1.72, 2.41)
Class I	1.00 (reference)
Number of distinct providers  seen in HRA year	1.1$7^{†}$ (1.13, 1.21)
Number of specialist visits in  HRA year	1.01 (0.99, 1.01)

${}_{}{}^{†}\text{S}$tatistically significant at $P<.05$.
Note that the sample size in this model is smaller than the study sample due to missing individual-level characteristics among plan members.