Review Article

Variations in Adipokine Genes AdipoQ, Lep, and LepR Are Associated with Risk for Obesity-Related Metabolic Disease: The Modulatory Role of Gene-Nutrient Interactions

Table 2

SNPs in the Leptin (Lep) and Leptin Receptor (LepR) Genes.

SNP IDAmino acid changeNucleotide changeParameter associationPopulationLeptin level (% change) valueReference

Leptin (Lep)

rs4731427SNP associated with weight and waist circumference in African AmericansYoung adults (Caucasians, African Americans)[95]

+19G > ANo association with BMI, WHR, fasting glucose & insulin, lipids and leptin levels[96]
No association with waist girth, plasma triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, glucose and systolic, and diastolic blood pressureFrench Caucasian[97]
No association with waist-to-hip ratio, fasting leptin, total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins, triglyceridesItalian Caucasian (obese/non-obese)[98]
No genotype associated with BMI, but A allele associated with higher leptin levels in obese patientsFrench Caucasian (obese/non-obese)18.93.001[99]
A allele in females associated with lower body weight, BMI and plasma leptin levels, lower risk of obesityAfrican Americans and Caucasians6.68.01[100]

rs17151919SNP associated with weight and waist circumference in African Americans and weight in Caucasians, waist circumference in Caucasian womenYoung adults (Caucasians, African Americans)[95]

rs28954369SNP associated with weight, waist circumference in African Americans and weight in Caucasians, waist circumference in Caucasian womenYoung adults (Caucasians, African Americans)[95]

rs2167270SNP associated with weight in Caucasians, waist circumference in Caucasian womenYoung adults (Caucasians, African Americans)[95]

rs7799039G > AA allele significantly associated with BMICaucasians[101]

āˆ’2548 G > AG allele associated with overweight, and with lower leptin concentrations in men17.46.05[102]
A allele not associated with obesitySpanish Mediterranean[103]
Leptin Receptor (LepR)

rs1137101Gln223ArgA > GG allele associated with BMI, WHR, leptin levels, and insulin levelsAsian Indians (diabetic/ nondiabetic).001[104]
G allele associated with higher BMI, fat mass, and serum leptin levelsCaucasian women (post-menopausal)31.15.0001[105]
GG genotype associated with BMI in nonsmokersBrazilians of European descent (Caucasian)[106]
G allele associated with increased rates of obesity, higher BMI and % fat massGreek[107]
GG genotype had larger subcutaneous abdominal adipocyte size than AA, however, no difference in overall adiposityPima Indians[108]
G allele associated with insulin resistanceCaucasians[109]
GG phenotype associated with lean phenotypeSpanish Mediterranean[103]
GG and AG genotypes associated with increased risk of familial hypercholesterolemia, but not obesity, insulin resistance or other lipid parametersDutch[110]
G allele associated with increased rate of obesityBrazilians (obese/non-obese)[111]
AA genotype was associated with increased total abdominal fatBelgian Caucasian women (overweight and obese)[112]
No association with BMI, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, serum leptin, or soluble leptin receptor levelsJapanese[113]
G allele associated with increased adiposityDanish postmenopausal women[114]
GG genotype had lower blood pressure compared to AASwedish men (hypertensive/ normotensive)[115]
G allele associated with CRC riskCzech (CRC patients)[46]
G allele associated with higher fat mass and BMI[116]
A allele associated with higher insulin, leptin levels, and body fatMexican adolescents62.02.001[117]
No association with BMI, WHR, fasting glucose & insulin, lipids and leptin levels[96]
AA genotype had greater risk of developing T2DMFinnish (impaired glucose tolerance)[118]
G allele associated with BMI, change in BMI over time[119]
Ser(T)343-Ser(C)T > CT allele associated with overweight and fat mass in women; C allele carriers more responsive to weight loss on a low calorie diet[120]

+70 T > CC allele associated with fat mass in women[120]

Lys656AsnG>CG allele associated with higher lean and fat massCaucasians[121]
No association with obesity, BMI, or % fat massGreek[107]
C allele associated with increased hip circumference, total abdominal fat, and subcutaneous fatBelgian Caucasian women (overweight and obese)[112]
C allele associated with higher fasting glucose and fasting insulin in postmenopausal womenBelgian Caucasian women (overweight and obese)[122]
No association with blood pressure or BMISwedish men (hypertensive/ normotensive)[115]
No association with blood pressure, serum glucose, insulin, or leptin levelsMexican adolescents[117]

Arg109Lys+5193 G > ANo association with BMI, WHR, fasting glucose & insulin, lipids and leptin levels[96]
AA genotype was associated with higher leptin levels in postmenopausal womenBelgian Caucasian women (overweight and obese)14.99.02[112]
A allele positively associated with BMIKorean[123]
No association with BMI, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, serum leptin, or soluble leptin receptor levelsJapanese[113]
No association with obesity, BMI, or % fat massGreek[107]
A allele associated with fasting insulin in postmenopausal womenBelgian Caucasian women (overweight and obese)[122]
AA genotype had greater risk of developing T2DMFinnish (impaired glucose tolerance)[118]
GG genotype had lower blood pressure and lower BMI compared to AASwedish men (hypertensive/ normotensive)[115]

rs1045895SNP associated with change in BMI over time[119]