Obesity and Cancer Screening according to Race and Gender

Table 4

Colorectal cancer screening and weight status.

Study	Population/data source	Weight categories^1	Outcome	Findings
Chang et al. 2010, [22]	National Medicare Claims (Medicare), Veterans Health Administration (VHA), ≥65 years old	OW and OB	Colorectal cancer screening	There was increased CRC screening in overweight VHA care recipients OR 1.12 𝑃=0.002.; There were no other significant associations between CRC screening and OB (VHA and Medicare) and OW Medicare beneficiaries.
Adams-Campbell et al. 2010, [33]	Black Women’s Health Study	OW and OB	Colonoscopy in past 2 years	There were no significant associations between colonoscopy and OW, OB.
Leone 2009, [34]	NHIS 2005, women only	Collapsed OW and OB	Colorectal cancer screening colonoscopy, endoscopy, or FOBT	OB was negatively associated with CRC screening in white but not black women. OR-0.66 𝑃=0.001.
Muus et al. 2009, [32]	National face-to-face survey, American Indian and Alaskan native men in USA.	OW, OB, OBI, OBII, OBIII	FOBT	There were no significant associations between receipt of FOBT and OW, OB (I, II, III).
Banerjea et al. 2008, [23]	Medical Expenditure Survey (MEPS) 2003 and subset of NHIS (women only)	OW and OB	Colorectal cancer screening	OW was negatively associated with CRC screening. OR 0.80 [0.66–0.97].
Mitchell et al. 2008, [24]	Canadian Community Health Survey	OW, OB, OBI, OBII, OBIII	FOBT	There was no significant association between receipt of FOBT testing and OW, OB (I, II, III).
James et al. 2008, [35]	Wellness for African-Americans through Churches (WATCH)	OW, OB, OBI, OBII, OBIII	FOBT	There was no significant association between FOBT and OW, or OB (I, II, III) in men or women.
James et al. 2008, [35]	WATCH	OW, OB, OBI, OBII, OBIII	Colorectal cancer screening	There was no significant association between receipt of overall CRC screening and OW, or OB (I, II, III) in men or women.
James et al. 2008, [35]	WATCH	OW, OB, OBI, OBII, OBIII	Sigmoidoscopy	There was no significant association between receipt of sigmoidoscopy and OW, or OB (I, II, III) for men or women.
James et al. 2008, [35]	WATCH	OW, OB, OBI, OBII, OBIII	Past-year CRC screening	There was no significant association between past-year CRC screening and OW, or OB (I, II, III) in women or men.
Ferrante et al. 2006, [36]	Medical records of New Jersey and Pennsylvania primary care practice patients ≥50	Collapsed OW and OB	Colorectal cancer screening	OB was negatively associated with CRC screening. OR 0.75 𝑃=0.004.
Menis et al. 2006, [37]	Maryland Cancer Survey 2002, population-based random-digit dial telephone survey	OB and OW	Colorectal cancer screening	There was no significant association of CRC screening with OW or OB.
Vlahov et al. 2005, [38]	New York Cancer Project	OB only	Endoscopy	There was no significant association between obesity and endoscopy.
Heo et al. 2004, [39]	Behaviorial Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS) 2001	OW, OB, OBI, OBII, OBIII	FOBT	There were no significant associations between BMI category and in men or women.
Heo et al. 2004, [39]	BRFSS 2001	OW, OB, OBI, OBII, OBIII	Sigmoidoscopy	OW and OBII were positively associated with sigmoidoscopy in last 5 years in men. OR 1.25 [1.05–1.51], 1.21 [1.03–1.75].; OBI and OBII were negatively associated with sigmoidoscopy in last 5 years in women. OR 0.86 [0.78–0.94], OR 0.88 [0.79–0.99].
Rosen and Schneider 2004, [40]	BRFSS 1999	Morbidly OB (BMI≥35)	Endoscopy	Morbid obesity was negatively associated with endoscopy in women only. RD − 4.9 [−7.7 to −1.9].; There was no significant association between morbid obesity and endoscopy in men.
Rosen and Schneider 2004, [40]	BRFSS 1999	Morbidly OB (BMI≥35)	FOBT	Morbid obesity in women only was negatively associated with FOBT. RD − 3.7 [−7.7 to −1.9].; There was no significant association between FOBT and morbid obesity in men.
Rosen and Schneider 2004, [40]	BRFSS 1999	Morbidly OB (BMI≥35)	Colorectal cancer screening	Morbid obesity in women only was negatively associated with overall CRC screening. RD − 5.6 [−8.5 to −2.6].; There was no association between overall CRC screening and morbid obesity in men.
Seeff et al. 2004, [41]	NHIS 2000	OW and OB	Overall CRC	There were no significant associations between receipt of CRC screening and OW or OB.
Seeff et al. 2004, [41]	NHIS 2000	OW and OB	FOBT	There was no significant association between receipt of FOBT and OW or OB.
Seeff et al. 2004, [41]	NHIS 2000	OW and OB	Endoscopy	There was no significant association between receipt of endoscopy and OW or OB.
Slattery et al. 2004, [42]	2 population-based case-control studies of colorectal cancer patients, interviewer-administered questionnaire	OW and OB	Sigmoidoscopy	OW and OB in women were positively associated with sigmoidoscopy (OR 1.8 and 2.3, resp., 𝑃<0.01).; There was no significant association between sigmoidoscopy and OW or OB in men.
Chao et al. 2004, [43]	Cancer Prevention Study (CPS) II Nutrition Cohort 1997	OW and OB, collapsed OBI and II, morbid obesity ≥40	Endoscopy	OBI and OBII were negatively associated with endoscopy in men. OR 0.88 [.82–.94].; OBI and OBII were negatively associated with endoscopy in women. OR 0.8 [.81–.91].; Morbid obesity in women was negatively associated with endoscopy. OR 0.71 [0.59–0.85].

¹Predictors: OW: Overweight, OB: Obese, OBI: Obese I, OBII: Obese II, OBIII: Obese III.