Gene by Sex Interaction for Measures of Obesity in the Framingham Heart Study

Table 1

Mean ± standard deviation for obesity-related traits in Framingham subjects <50 years old.

	Population	Generation 2, exam 1	Generation 2, exam 2	Generation 2, exam 3	Generation 2, exam 4	Generation 2, exam 5	Generation 3, exam 1
Sample size (𝑁)	All	3150	1991	1630	1330	990	2872
	Men	1478	958	776	640	463	1388
	Women	1672	1033	854	690	527	1484
Age (years)	All	33.71±8.59	38.39±6.70	40.46±5.77	42.27±5.11	43.68±4.44	37.63±7.27
	Men	33.81±8.63	38.38±6.88	40.47±5.92	42.14±5.23	43.56±4.65	37.79±7.30
	Women	33.62±8.56	38.39±6.54	40.45±5.63	42.40±5.00	43.78±4.24	37.47±7.24
BMI^a (kg/m²)	All	24.85±3.77 ***	25.10±3.79 ****	25.40±4.08 ***	25.97±4.37 *	26.42±4.48	26.23±4.70
	Men	26.42±3.47 *	26.57±3.44 **	26.72±3.49 **	27.23±3.62	27.55±3.92	27.42±4.03
	Women	23.48±3.47 ***	23.74±3.59 ***	24.20±4.20 **	24.80±4.66 *	25.42±4.70	25.11±4.99
Height (cm)	All	167.62±9.36 ****	168.59±9.57 ***	169.66±9.20 *	169.67±9.12 *	169.56±9.06	170.91±9.18
	Men	174.95±6.79 ****	175.99±6.77 ***	176.75±6.66 *	176.65±6.52 *	176.69±6.41	177.88±6.41
	Women	161.15±5.90 *****	161.73±6.02 ****	163.23±5.86 *	163.20±5.81	163.29±5.85	164.39±6.06
Weight (kg)	All	69.77±14.52 ****	71.25±14.62 ****	72.89±14.97 ***	74.50±15.55 **	75.72±15.79	76.32±16.55
	Men	80.26±11.76 ****	81.63±11.34 ***	82.78±11.82 ***	84.27±12.24 **	85.34±13.02	86.06±13.76
	Women	60.50±9.58 ****	61.63±10.01 ****	63.90±11.45 ***	65.45±12.51 *	67.27±12.91	67.20±13.47
WC^b (cm)	All	—	—	—	86.70±13.92 ****	88.95±13.30 ***	91.03±13.33
	Men	—	—	—	95.85±9.93 **	96.49±10.34	96.50±11.15
	Women	—	—	—	78.21±11.50 *****	82.36±12.04 ***	85.90±13.18
HC^c (cm)	All	—	—	—	100.07±9.08	101.37±8.63	—
	Men	—	—	—	101.31±7.18	101.83±6.85	—
	Women	—	—	—	98.92±10.42	100.98±9.93	—
WHR^d	All	—	—	—	0.86±0.10	0.88±0.09	—
	Men	—	—	—	0.95±0.06	0.95±0.06	—
	Women	—	—	—	0.79±0.06	0.81±0.07	—

^aBody mass index,
^bWaist circumference,
^cHip circumference,
^dWaist to hip ratio,
*Significant difference between Generation 2 and Generation 3 after controlling for age and age-squared (*𝑃<.001, **𝑃<1𝑒−5, ***𝑃<1𝑒−10, ****𝑃<1𝑒−20, *****𝑃<1𝑒−50). Significance in age differences is not noted.