Dairy Foods in a Moderate Energy Restricted Diet Do Not Enhance Central Fat, Weight, and Intra-Abdominal Adipose Tissue Losses nor Reduce Adipocyte Size or Inflammatory Markers in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Controlled Feeding Study

Table 4

Relative transcript abundances of inflammatory and metabolic markers in subcutaneous adipose tissue before and after diet intervention for all subjects.

Gene	Baseline	Endpoint
TNF-α	100.0 ± 8.3	97.1 ± 7.3
IL-6	100.0 ± 11.1	150.9 ± 23.1*
MCP-1	100.0 ± 10.5	105.2 ± 8.5
CD68	100.0 ± 5.3	116.5 ± 8.2
CD11b	100.0 ± 10.0	117.3 ± 12.0
CD11c	100.0 ± 9.1	105.4 ± 8.5
CD11d	100.0 ± 6.2	133.2 ± 9.6**
IL-1β	100.0 ± 14.1	114.8 ± 11.7
IL-10	100.0 ± 7.7	118.4 ± 8.1
IL-15	100.0 ± 6.1	103.4 ± 6.0
FAS	100.0 ± 12.6	114.9 ± 14.4
UCP2	100.0 ± 4.4	110.3 ± 6.1

Values are expressed as % of baseline average level (mean + SEM). *𝑃=0.05 and **𝑃<0.01 compared to baseline, paired 𝑡-test. TNF: tumor necrosis factor; IL: interleukin; MCP: monocyte chemoattractant protein; FAS: fatty acid synthase; UCP: uncoupling protein. 𝑛=55.