Review Article

Prader-Willi Syndrome: Clinical Aspects

Table 2

Clinical followup in different age classes of PW patient.

From birth to 3 yearsFrom 3 to 10 yearsFrom 10 to 18 yearsAdult

Axiological evaluation3-4 months6 months6–12 months

Nutritionist/dietician evaluation6–12 months6–12 months6–12 months6–12 months

Blood sample (OGTT, HbA1c, total cholesterol and HDL, triglyceride level, uricemia, TSH, fT4, IGF1)6 month6–12 months6–12 months1 year

Evaluation of pubertal development (dosage of LH, FSH, estradiol (in females) and testosterone (in males) both basal and after GnRH)According to clinical evaluation

Bone age (left hand X-ray)GH therapy: 1 yearAccording to clinical evaluation

Evaluation of bone density
 Blood sample for Ca, P and Mg, protidemia,  PTH, vitamin D3. 1-2 years1-2 years1-2 years
 DEXA1-2 years1-2 years1-2 years

PolysomnographyNo GH therapy: 1 year
GH therapy: 3–6 months
1 year1 yearIn case of problem

ENT with fibroscopyNo GH therapy: 6–12 months
GH therapy: 3–6 months
In case of problemIn case of problem

Orthopedic evaluation1 year (consider the necessity of spine X-ray)6 months (consider the necessity of spine X-ray)6 months (consider the necessity of spine X-ray)In case of problem

Orthoptic/ophthalmology evaluation1 yearIn case of problemIn case of problem

Dental evaluationAnnual after 2 years6 months6 monthsIn case of problem

Dermatological evaluationIn case of skin pickingIn case of skin pickingIn case of skin picking

Echocardiography and cardiological evaluation2 years

Neuropsychiatric and physiatric evaluation3 months1 year1 year1-2 years

OGTT: oral glucose tolerance test, DEXA: dual-energy X-ray photon absorptiometry; ENT: ear-nose-throat.