Longitudinal Associations of Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Cancer Mortality in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1986–2006)

Table 3

Hazard ratio (HR) (95% CI) for cancer mortality and leisure-time physical activity in NHANES III (1988–1994) participants 20–89 years, by categories of body mass index and insulin resistance status

	By High and low BMI^1		Insulin resistance status^2
Cancer deaths/number at risk	521/9279	321/5991	228/2300	628/13,166
	High BMI	Low BMI	IR	No IR
Any activity
Age adjusted	1.02 (0.73–1.42)	0.82 (0.55–1.22)	0.89 (0.56–1.41)	0.94 (0.72–1.23)
Adjusted for additional variables^3	1.03 (0.73–1.46)	0.90 (0.61–1.35)	0.88 (0.54–1.44)	0.99 (0.75–1.32)
Additional adjustment for BMI^4	—	—	0.89 (0.54–1.48)	1.00 (0.76–1.32)
Regular low-moderate activity
Age adjusted	1.00 (0.70–1.41)	0.80 (0.53–1.20)	0.84 (0.53–1.34)	0.93 (0.69–1.24)
Adjusted for additional variables^3	1.00 (0.70–1.42)	0.88 (0.58–1.35)	0.84 (0.51–1.38)	0.97 (0.72–1.31)
Additional adjustment for BMI^4	—	—	0.86 (0.51–1.43)	0.98 (0.73–1.32)
Regular Vigorous Activity
Age-Adjusted	0.68 (0.33–1.39)	0.59 (0.28–1.27)	1.82 (0.71–4.65)	0.46 (0.24–0.87)
Adjusted for additional variables^3	0.74 (0.36–1.52)	0.68 (0.32–1.45)	1.79 (0.67–4.87)	0.51(0.27–0.97)
Additional adjustment for BMI^4	—	—	1.83 (0.66–5.04)	0.52 (0.28–0.98)
Frequency-weighted METS/week^5
Age-adjusted
Quartile 1	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Quartile 2	1.00 (0.08–1.46)	0.92 (0.64–1.34)	0.85 (0.43–1.67)	0.82 (0.63–1.05)
Quartile 3	0.96 (0.66–1.38)	0.61 (0.36–1.02)	0.67 (0.42–1.07)	0.76 (0.53–1.09)
Quartile 4	1.01 (0.69–1.48)	0.78 (0.51–1.18)	1.11 (0.65–1.09)	0.79 (0.6–1.03)
𝑃 value^6	0.987	0.226	0.145	0.294
Adjusted for additional variables^3
Quartile 1	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Quartile 2	0.99 (0.65–1.49)	0.99 (0.68–1.44)	0.82 (0.41–1.66)	0.83 (0.65–1.07)
Quartile 3	0.97 (0.69-1. 37)	0.68 (0.41–1.13)	0.69 (0.42–1.13)	0.80 (0.57–1.12)
Quartile 4	1.02 (0.69–1.52)	0.91 (0.58–1.45)	1.08 (0.62–1.89)	0.83 (0.62–1.12)
𝑃 value^6	0.991	0.315	0.262	0.465
Additional adjustment for BMI^4	—	—
Quartile 1			1.00	1.00
Quartile 2			0.82 (0.41–1.66)	0.83 (0.65–1.07)
Quartile 3			0.69 (0.42–1.13)	0.80 (0.57–1.12)
Quartile 4			1.08 (0.62–1.89)	0.83 (0.62–1.12)
𝑃 value^6			0.262	0.465

¹BMI < 25 and ≥ 25.
²IR was considered to be present if blood glucose concentrations were >110 mg/dL.
³Adjusted for age, race, sex, and smoking.
⁴Adjusted for age, race, sex, smoking, and BMI.
⁵Quartile cutoffs (METS/week) quartile 1: <2.33; quartile 2: 1.24–13.60; quartile 3: 13.61–35.35 quartile 4: >35.36 for “low BMI” group quartile 1: <1.05; quartile 2: 1.06–9.65; quartile 3: 9.66–30.70; quartile 4: >30.72 for “High BMI” group; quartile 1: <1.63; quartile 2: 1.64–11.40; quartile 3: 11.41 to 34.65; quartile 4: >34.65 for “No IR”; quartile 1: 0; quartile 2: 0.1–6.28; quartile 3: 6.29–26.05; quartile 4: >26.05 for IR “Yes”.
⁶𝑃 value for difference between quartiles.