64 overweight African-American men and women with type 2 diabetes, 55β79 yrs age, assigned to an exercise and diet () or usual care () group
12 wks of 20 min of supervised low-impact aerobic exercise 1x wk; encouraged to exercise 2x wk and increase physical activity in daily routines
Carbohydrate, 55%β60% of kcals; protein 12β20%; fat, <30%; weight loss of 4.5βkg at β€0.9βkg per week using the Exchange Lists for Meal Planning program
TC, HDL, TC/HDL, LDL, TG after a 12 hr overnight fast; LDL estimated using the Friedwald formula
285 drug-treated, sedentary, overweight hypertensive men, 40β75 yrs of age, assigned to a placebo and lifestyle intervention () or placebo and usual care () group
209 wks of supervised aerobic exercise 2x wk; home-based individualized aerobic activity program
Individualized to reduce caloric intake, saturated fat and sugar, and to increase intake of fruit, vegetables, complex carbohydrates, fish, and fish products
TC, HDL, LDL, TG in the morning after an overnight fast
<32% of total kcals from fat, β€11% of total kcals from saturated fat, 14% from monounsaturated fat, 7% from polyunsaturated fat, 50% from carbohydrates, 18% from protein, <200βmg cholesterol and >25βg fiber per/d
160 sedentary, overweight men and women 25 to 49 yrs of age assigned to either an exercise and diet () or control () group
52 wks supervised brisk walking and jogging, 25β45βmin/d, 3x wk, 60% to 80% MHR
NCEP Stepββ1 diet (55% carbohydrate, 30% total fat, β€10% saturated fat, <300βmg/d of cholesterol)
TC, HDL, LDL, TG in the morning after a 12 to 16 hr overnight fast and avoiding vigorous physical activity for at least 12βhr
Notes. Description of groups and all other variables limited to those that met the criteria for inclusion. *Number of participants include those that began the study but not necessarily included in the final analysis. USA, United States of America; yrs, years; wk, week; wks, weeks; min, minutes; kcals, kilocalories; kg, kilograms; TC, total cholesterol; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; TC/HDL, ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; hr, hour; MHR, maximum heart rate; kcals/d, kilocalories per day; min/d, minutes per day; NCEP, National Cholesterol Education Program; mg/d, milligrams per day; , maximum oxygen consumption; DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; AHA, American Heart Association; MWC, maximal work capacity.