Obesity and Preference-Weighted Quality of Life of Ethnically Diverse Middle School Children: The HEALTHY Study
Table 3
Adjusted* differences of preference-weighted QOL scores by clinical and demographic characteristics compared with reference categories**.
Health Utility Index 2
Health Utility Index 3
Feeling thermometer
Difference
(-value)
Difference
(-value)
Difference
(-value)
BMI%
85–94
(0.330)
(0.084)
(<0.001)
95–99
(0.178)
(0.128)
(<0.001)
99+
(0.013)
(0.025)
(<0.001)
(0.078)
(0.068)
(<0.001)
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)
100–110
(0.551)
(0.396)
(0.697)
100+
(0.205)
(0.475)
(0.431)
(0.357)
(0.520)
(0.666)
Fasting insulin (U/mL)
30+
Age
10 or younger
12
(<0.001)
(<0.001)
(0.041)
(0.003)
(0.003)
(0.044)
Sex
Male
0.000
(0.992)
0.006
(0.491)
0.014
(0.023)
Tanner stage
2
(0.006)
(0.124)
(0.200)
3
(<0.001)
(0.088)
(0.552)
4 or 5
(<0.001)
(0.017)
(0.190)
(0.002)
(0.128)
(0.381)
Family history of diabetes
Yes
(0.109)
(0.065)
(0.104)
(0.109)
(0.065)
(0.104)
Race/ethnicity
Hispanic
(<0.001)
(<0.001)
(0.213)
Black
(0.017)
(0.006)
(0.533)
(<0.001)
(<0.001)
(0.156)
Highest educational grade attained in household
No HS diploma
(0.524)
(0.127)
(0.383)
Some college
(0.588)
(0.623)
(0.421)
(0.368)
(0.250)
(0.651)
Linear mixed models adjusted for age, sex, blood glucose and insulin, Tanner stage, race/ethnicity, family history of diabetes, and educational attainment. Reference groups were normal weight, fasting glucose < 100 mg/dL, fasting insulin < 30 U/mL, age of 11 years, female, Tanner stage 1, no family history of diabetes, non-Hispanic white children, and college graduate.
