Lifestyle and Dietary Factors Associated with the Evolution of Cardiometabolic Risk over Four Years in West-African Adults: The Benin Study

Table 2

Lifestyle features and dietary indicator at last follow-up according to socioeconomic conditions (𝑛=416).

	Physical activity
	Vigorous or moderate activity (mn/day)	Active %	Sedentary time; (mn/day)	Alcohol; intake (g/day)	Current or former smokers %	Food score
Sex
Women	166.0±141.2	74.0	88.3±83.7	2.3±5.3	1.0	3.9±4.6
Men	176.2±168.5	75.5	115.2±97.2	9.4±13.6	26.0	5.2±4.9
𝑃	0.503	0.735	0.003	<0.001	<0.001	0.010
Age
25–34	198.8±160.1^a	83.9^a	106.0±96.5^a	6.9±13.4	10.9	5.3±4.9^a
35–44	156.2±154.2^b	68.9^b	94.3±85.7^b	5.6±9.7	15.6	4.3±4.6^ab
≥45	146.1±144.0^b	67.5^b	103.2±90.4^b	4.5±7.5	15.0	3.7±4.7^b
𝑃	0.007	<0.001	0.549	0.160	0.433	0.023
Study sites
Rural area	194.6±148.5^a	85.3^a	30.8±51.5^a	5.8±10.6	10.9	3.0±4.2^a
Small city	198.1±158.1^a	80.0^a	48.5±65.7^a	6.2±12.1	14.2	3.4±3.9^a
Large city	127±150.5^b	58.3^b	73.2±78.05^b	5.6±9.6	15.2	7.4±5.0^b
𝑃	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.886	0.56	<0.001
Income score
Low	216.9±160.7^a	87.2^a	71.8±67.3^a	5.6±10.3	19.1^a	3.1±4.0^a
Medium	180.8±160.4^a	73.8^b	107.9±93.9^b	5.4±8.8	9.7^b	5.6±5.3^b
High	110.7±121.6^b	62.3^c	127.4±102.8^b	6.8±13.4	11.5^b	5.0±4.7^b
𝑃	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.590	0.047	<0.001
Education
No schooling	199.4±166.7^a	76.2^ab	68.7±68.36^a	3.2±7.1^a	6.7^a	3.1±4.1^a
Primary school	185.5±151.4^a	81.4^b	97.2±84.4^b	5.1±8.6^a	17.2^b	4.0±4.5^a
High school	140.7±146.8^b	68.2^a	126.6±103.1^c	8.2±13.9^b	14.5^b	5.9±5.1^b
𝑃	0.004	0.045	<0.001	0.001	0.048	<0.001

Values are expressed as mean ± SD or percentage.
𝑃 for 𝑡-test or 𝜒² test one way or ANOVA.
^a,b,cMean values with unlike superscript letters were significantly different (𝑃<0.05; oneway ANOVA test with Tukey post hoc).