Methylation and Expression of Immune and Inflammatory Genes in the Offspring of Bariatric Bypass Surgery Patients

Table 1

Offspring characteristics.

	BMS	AMS	P-values^1
N (males)	25 (10)	25 (10)
Age (years)	14.9 ± 6.2	9.6 ± 5.3	0.002
Anthropometric data
BMI percentile	69.2 ± 40.7	65.7 ± 32.6	0.80
BMI Z-score	1.84 ± 2.08	0.85 ± 1.47	0.22
Fat percent^2	29.9 ± 13.9	21.4 ± 10.3	0.07
Severe obesity
BMI percentile > 98% (𝑁)	12	3	0.01
BMI Z-score > 3 (𝑁)	7	1	0.05
Blood pressure
SBP (mm Hg)	111.3 ± 14.7	97.4 ± 14.6	0.01
DBP (mm Hg)	64.6 ± 9.8	53.4 ± 12.8	0.002
Lipid profile^3
Total-C (mmol/L)	4.43 ± 0.66	4.21 ± 0.58	0.24
LDL-C (mmol/L)	2.65 ± 0.55	2.53 ± 0.58	0.53
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.30 ± 0.29	1.30 ± 0.25	0.54
TG (mmol/L)	1.04 ± 0.43	0.82 ± 0.37	0.21
Total-C/HDL-C	3.56 ± 0.93	3.37 ± 0.85	0.87
Glucose metabolism^3
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)	4.92 ± 0.43	4.71 ± 0.43	0.22
Insulin (μU/mL)	18.82 ± 12.20	11.27 ± 7.36*	0.03
Homa-IR	4.27 ± 3.23	2.43 ± 1.72*	0.03

Values are presented as mean ± SD.
1P-values adjusted for sex and puberty except for BMI percentile and BMI Z-score.
2Fat percent at 6 years or more (BMS, 𝑁=23; AMS, 𝑁=17).
3BMS, 𝑁=25; AMS, 𝑁=21.
Abbreviations: AMS: after maternal surgery; BMS: before maternal surgery; BMI: body mass index; SBP and DBP: systolic diastolic and systolic blood pressure; Total-C: total cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: triglycerides.