Joint Effects of Physical Activity and BMI on Risk of Hypertension in Women: A Longitudinal Study

Table 3

Odds ratios for the association between each of BMI and physical activity and incident hypertension.

	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	𝑃 value for trend	Adjusted OR (95% CI)*	𝑃-value for trend
Body mass index^† (kg/m^2)
Healthy	1.00 (reference)	<0.001	1.00 (reference)	<0.001
Overweight	1.95 (1.75, 2.18)		1.92 (1.72, 2.15)
Obese	3.65 (3.25, 4.09)		3.52 (3.12, 3.97)
Physical activity^‡
High	1.00 (reference)	<0.001	1.00 (reference)	<0.001
Moderate	1.13 (0.98, 1.29)		1.05 (0.92, 1.21)
Low	1.43 (1.27, 1.61)		1.26 (1.11, 1.43)
Nil	1.59 (1.39, 1.82)		1.28 (1.11, 1.47)

∗Adjusted for age and education at survey 1 and time-dependent smoking, alcohol consumption, presence of cardiovascular disease, physical activity (in the BMI analysis), and BMI (in the physical activity analysis).
^†BMI (kg/m²) categorised as healthy: 18.5–25; overweight: 25–29; obese: ≥30.
^‡Physical activity defined as nil/sedentary (0–39 metabolic equivalent (MET) min/wk), low (40–599 MET min/wk), moderate (600–1199 MET min/wk) and high (≥1200 MET min/wk).