Joint Effects of Physical Activity and BMI on Risk of Hypertension in Women: A Longitudinal Study

Table 4

Odds ratios for the joint effect of BMI and physical activity on incidence of hypertension with underweight women excluded.

Weight^†	Physical activity*
	High	Moderate	Low	Nil
Unadjusted odds ratios (95% CI)
Healthy weight	1.00 (reference)	1.07 (0.85, 1.35)	1.46 (1.19, 1.80)	1.38 (1.07, 1.79)
Overweight	2.22 (1.80, 2.74)	2.11 (1.69, 2.63)	2.50 (2.04, 3.06)	2.53 (2.01, 3.19)
Obese	3.47 (2.72, 4.42)	4.29 (3.39, 5.43)	4.61 (3.75, 5.66)	4.98 (4.01, 6.18)
Adjusted odds ratios^‡ (95% CI)
Healthy weight	1.00 (reference)	1.03 (0.81, 1.31)	1.45 (1.17, 1.79)	1.37 (1.05, 1.78)
Overweight	2.23 (1.80, 2.76)	2.13 (1.70, 2.67)	2.44 (1.98, 2.99)	2.46 (1.94, 3.12)
Obese	3.43 (2.68, 4.39)	4.21 (3.30, 5.37)	4.55 (3.69, 5.61)	4.91 (3.92, 6.13)

∗Physical activity defined as nil/sedentary (0–39 metabolic equivalent (MET) min/wk), low (40–599 MET min/wk), moderate (600–1199 MET min/wk), and high (≥1200 MET min/wk).
^†BMI (kg/m²) categorised as healthy: 18.5–25; overweight: 25–29; obese: ≥30.
^‡Adjusted for age and education at survey 1 and time-dependent smoking, alcohol consumption, and presence of cardiovascular disease.