Author, year Baseline Baseline BMI, mean (SD), kg/m2 at 12 months12 months, mean (SD), kg/m2 BMI change at 12 months, mean (SD), kg/m2 Between-group difference in change from baseline at 12 months (95% CI), kg/m2 Self-management Clark et al., 2004 [20 ] Usual care 50 31.3 (5.01) 50 32.72 (4.77) 1.42 Reference Goal-setting diet and physical activity 50 32.4 (4.49) 50 32.06 (4.03) −0.34 −1.76 Plotnikoff et al., 2011 [23 ] Diabetes education 49 34.8 (9) 49 −1.2 Reference Diabetes education + physical activity supplement 47 34.3 (5.7) 47 −0.8 0.40 Diet Zazpe et al., 2008 [30 ] Minimal intervention* 485 29.5 (SE: 3.6) 485 Mediterranean diet-virgin olive oil† 533 29.3 (SE: 3.5) 533 Mediterranean diet-mixed nuts‡ 533 29.4 (SE: 3.4) 533 Physical activity Torjesen et al., 1997 [18 ] Usual care 43 28.3 (3.1) 43 0.4 (0.1) Reference Endurance exercise 49 28.6 (3.1) 49 −0.3 (0.2) −0.7 (−0.8 to −0.6); < 0.001 Yates et al., 2010 [29 ] Minimal intervention 26 29.7 (4.5) −0.3 (95% CI: −0.8 to 0.2) Reference Walking + pedometer 24 28.7 (5) 0.1 (95% CI: −0.5 to 0.7) 0.5 (−0.3 to 1.2); = 0.21 Walking 24 29.3 (5.1) −0.1 (95% CI: 0.6 to 0.4)** 0.2 (−0.5 to 0.9); = 0.58 Combination interventions Gram et al., 2010 [21 ] Minimal intervention 22 32.8 (4.0) 20 32.6 (SE: 0.9) Reference Self-mgmt + aerobic exercise + strength training 24 32.4 (4.1) 24 31.8 (SE: 0.9) −0.71 (−1.49 to 0.07); = 0.049 Self-mgmt + Nordic walking 22 31.4 (4.3) 21 30.9 (SE: 0.9) −0.49 (−1.27 to 0.29) Samaras et al., 1997 [26 ] Usual care 13 35.7 (SE: 1.6) 0.29 (SEM: 0.45) Reference Self-management + physical activity 13 32.3 (SE: 1.1) −0.1 (SEM: 0.05)†† −0.39 (−1.71 to 0.93) Babazono et al., 2007 [19 ] Minimal intervention 41 24 (2.5) 41 23.9 (2.4) −0.1 Reference Self-management + diet + physical activity 46 23.6 (3.2) 46 23.1 (3.2) −0.5 −0.4