Effect of Parental Migration Background on Childhood Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Body Mass Index

Table 4

Proportion of 8-year-old children born between 1994 and 1996 in Stockholm who complied with the Nordic Nutrition Recommendation (NNR), by parental migration status.

Nutrient	NNR	Fulfill NNR (%)
		Swedish	Immigrant
Carbohydrate	50–60 %𝐸	72.2	70.6
Sucrose	≤10 %𝐸	58.5	55.4
Dietary fibre	≥3 g/Mj/d	7.1	𝟏𝟏.𝟏^∗∗
Total fat	2535 %𝐸	79.8	78.1
Saturated fat	≤10 %𝐸	4.7	𝟕.𝟑^∗
MUFA	10–15 %𝐸	69.4	66.1
PUFA	5–10 %𝐸	8.1	𝟏𝟏.𝟔^∗
Omega-3	1 %𝐸^a	3.1	𝟔.𝟐^∗∗∗
Protein	10–20 %𝐸	97.8	𝟗𝟓.𝟒^∗∗∗
Vitamins
A	≥400 μg/d	100.0	𝟗𝟗.𝟓^∗∗∗
D	≥7.5 μg/d	9.4	7.5
E	≥6 mg/d	79.0	82.5
C	≥40 mg/d	98.1	98.4
Thiamin (B1)	≥0.9 mg/d	98.6	98.8
Riboflavin (B2)	≥1.1 mg/d	99.3	99.8
B6	≥1 mg/d	100.0	99.8
Folic acid	≥130 μg/d	100.0	100.0
Minerals
Calcium	≥700 mg/d	94.7	93.1
Iron	≥9 mg/d	85.1	𝟖𝟎.𝟔^∗∗
Magnesium	≥200 mg/d	99.9	100.0
Zinc	≥7 mg/d	99.6	𝟗𝟖.𝟒^∗∗
Number of children		2028	561

Values given in bold are statistically significant; %𝐸: percentage of energy intake.
MUFA: monounsaturated fatty acid.
PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acid.
^aFor calculation we considered the range of 0.5–1.5 %𝐸.
Compliance with NNR in immigrant children was significantly different compared with children of Swedish parents (chi-squared test): ^∗𝑃<0.05, ^∗∗𝑃<0.01, and ^∗∗∗𝑃<0.001.