Associations of Body Mass Index with Sexual Risk-Taking and Injection Drug Use among US High School Students

Table 4

Prevalence and adjusted odds ratios for HIV/STD-related risk behaviors among currently sexually active^a female high school students, United States, 2005–2011.

Regression model	Multiple sex partners^b			No condom use^c			Injection drug use^d
	%	OR	(95% CI)	%	OR	(95% CI)	%	OR	(95% CI)
BMI category
Normal	28.4	1.00	(Referent)	44.0	1.00	(Referent)	2.3	1.00	(Referent)
Underweight	37.6	1.28	(0.84–1.97)	61.4	1.99	(1.36–2.91)	3.1	1.65	(0.67–4.10)
Overweight	36.3	1.39	(1.17–1.65)	47.7	1.15	(0.98–1.33)	2.0	0.73	(0.42–1.26)
Obese	39.1	1.39	(1.13–1.71)	49.3	1.23	(1.01–1.49)	4.2	1.55	(0.88–2.74)
Race/ethnicity
White	29.8	1.00	(Referent)	45.2	1.00	(Referent)	2.5	1.00	(Referent)
Black	35.8	1.31	(1.12–1.54)	43.2	0.92	(0.79–1.09)	1.1	0.35	(0.17–0.70)
Hispanic	27.5	0.85	(0.74–0.99)	49.3	1.19	(1.04–1.36)	4.5	1.27	(0.81–2.01)
Other	33.2	1.12	(0.87–1.43)	44.0	0.94	(0.74–1.19)	4.2	0.96	(0.53–1.73)
Grade
9th	25.0	1.00	(Referent)	38.6	1.00	(Referent)	5.7	1.00	(Referent)
10th	26.3	1.23	(0.98–1.54)	40.7	1.18	(0.99–1.41)	3.1	0.57	(0.35–0.92)
11th	30.7	1.73	(1.40–2.14)	44.5	1.43	(1.21–1.68)	2.2	0.52	(0.33–0.84)
12th	35.9	2.44	(1.95–3.07)	52.2	2.02	(1.71–2.40)	1.3	0.37	(0.22–0.61)
Suicidal thoughts^e
No	28.0	1.00	(Referent)	43.6	1.00	(Referent)	1.5	1.00	(Referent)
Yes	39.0	1.44	(1.25–1.66)	50.8	1.27	(1.13–1.43)	6.5	2.61	(1.81–3.78)
Early sexual initiation^f
No	28.2	1.00	(Referent)	44.7	1.00	(Referent)	2.0	1.00	(Referent)
Yes	67.6	4.79	(3.68–6.23)	57.9	1.72	(1.35–2.18)	13.5	3.59	(2.26–5.69)
Sexual abuse and nonconsensual sex^g
No	26.0	1.00	(Referent)	43.1	1.00	(Referent)	1.6	1.00	(Referent)
Yes	48.0	2.23	(1.89–2.64)	54.3	1.43	(1.25–1.63)	7.2	2.67	(1.74–4.09)

BMI: body mass index = weight [kg]/height [m]² (based on self-reported height and weight, using age- and sex-specific percentiles from growth charts developed by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention); normal = 5th percentile ≤ BMI < 85th percentile; underweight = BMI < 5th percentile; overweight = 85th percentile ≤ BMI < 95th percentile; obese = BMI ≥ 95th percentile. HIV: human immunodeficiency virus. STD: sexually transmitted disease. OR: odds ratio, adjusted for other variables in the model. CI: confidence interval.
^aHad sexual intercourse during the 3 months before the survey.
^bHad sexual intercourse with four or more persons during their lifetime (among students who were currently sexually active).
^cUsed a condom during last sexual intercourse (among students who were currently sexually active).
^dEver used a needle to inject any illegal drug into their body (among students who were currently sexually active).
^eSeriously considered attempting suicide during the past 12 months.
^fHad first sexual intercourse before age of 13.
^gEver been physically forced to have sexual intercourse when they did not want to.