Trajectories of Objectively Measured Physical Activity among Secondary Students in Canada in the Context of a Province-Wide Physical Education Policy: A Longitudinal Analysis
Table 4
Multivariate growth curve modeling examining estimated effect on students’ baseline physical activity and physical activity trajectories when adjusted for student and school neighbourhood characteristics.
Model 1
Model 2
Model 3
Student characteristics
School neighbourhood characteristics
Student and school neighbourhood characteristics
Fixed effect
value
Fixed effect
value
Fixed effect
value
Estimated effect on baseline physical activity (minutes per day)
Gender
Female
−3.81 (1.27)
0.0029
−4.20 (1.28)
0.0011
Male
Referent
Referent
Baseline physical activity
Low
−46.5 (1.54)
<0.0001
−46.0 (1.59)
<0.0001
Moderate
−25.1 (1.51)
<0.0001
−25.0 (1.53)
<0.0001
High
Referent
Referent
BMI status
Overweight or obese
2.32 (1.81)
0.1999
2.56 (1.80)
0.1562
Healthy weight
Referent
Referent
Missing
1.48 (1.38)
0.2815
1.41 (1.37)
0.3036
School location
Rural
−8.25 (2.49)
0.0010
0.680 (1.48)
0.6465
Urban
Referent
Referent
Socioeconomic status
Low
−5.46 (2.50)
0.0295
−3.47 (1.50)
0.0216
High
Referent
Referent
Estimated effect on physical activity trajectories (minutes per day per semester)
Gender
Female
−0.885 (0.608)
0.1463
−0.735 (0.612)
0.2304
Male
Referent
Referent
Baseline physical activity
Low
7.34 (0.741)
<0.0001
7.08 (0.759)
<0.0001
Moderate
4.24 (0.735)
<0.0001
4.19 (0.749)
<0.0001
High
Referent
Referent
BMI status
Overweight or obese
−1.03 (0.866)
0.2343
−1.19 (0.866)
0.1711
Healthy weight
Referent
Referent
Missing
−0.00292 (0.653)
0.9964
0.0645 (0.652)
0.9213
School location
Rural
0.942 (0.716)
0.1888
−0.0316 (0.705)
0.9643
Urban
Referent
Referent
Socioeconomic status
Low
1.35 (0.724)
0.0629
1.46 (0.722)
0.0432
High
Referent
Referent
Fixed effects of intercepts for each model are not shown. Standard errors are shown in parentheses. Referent categories are identified as “referent.”
