|
| Intervention | Authors | Type of analysis | Outcome variables | Results |
|
| PATH | Bowen et al., 2006 [49] | Between-group analyses | Perceived stress | No significant difference |
| Anxiety | No significant difference |
| Depression | No significant difference |
| General mental health | No significant difference |
| Physical functioning | Significantly improved among intervention group compared to control group |
| Social support: emotional | No significant difference |
| Social support: affection | Significantly higher for the control group compared to the exercisers |
| Social support: tangible | No significant difference |
| Social support: overall | No significant difference |
| | | |
| Within-group analyses | Perceived stress | No significant difference |
| Anxiety | No significant difference |
| Depression | (i) No significant difference between baseline and 12-month follow-up for intervention group
(ii) Control group of stretchers significantly improved on depression after 12 months |
| General mental health | (i) Significantly improved between baseline and 12-month follow-up for intervention group
(ii) No significant difference for participants in the control group |
| Physical functioning | (i) No significant difference between baseline and 12-month follow-up for intervention group
(ii) Control group of stretchers significantly improved on physical functioning after 12 months |
| Social support: emotional | No significant difference |
| Social support: affection | (i) No significant difference between baseline and 12-month follow-up for intervention group
(ii) Control group of stretchers significantly improved on affection subscale after 12 months |
| Social support: tangible | No significant difference |
| Social support: overall | No significant difference |
| | | | |
| Campbell et al., 2010 [50] | Between-group analyses | VO2 max | Significantly increased by 13.6% compared to the 0.2% increase in the control group |
| Body weight | Significantly decreased by 1.3 kg compared to the 0.3 kg decrease in the control group |
| Percent of body fat | Significantly decreased by 1.4% compared to the 0.1% decrease in the control group |
| Intra-abdominal fat | Significantly decreased compared to the control group |
| Subcutaneous fat | Significantly decreased compared to the control group |
| Waist circumference | Significantly decreased compared to the control group |
| Lean body mass | No significant difference |
|
| NEW | Foster-Schubert et al., 2012 [51] | Between-group analyses | Pedometer steps | Significantly increased by 42% compared to the control group |
| VO2 max | Significantly increased by 9% compared to the control group |
| Body weight | Significantly decreased by 2.0 kg compared to the 0.7 kg decrease in the control group |
| Waist circumference | Significantly decreased by 2.0 cm compared to the 0.9 cm decrease in the control group |
| Percent of body fat | Significantly decreased by 1.6% compared to the control group |
| Lean mass | No significant difference |
| | | |
| Within-group analyses stratified by dose of physical activity: <154 min/wk, 154–196 min/wk, and ≥196 min/wk | Body weight | Significantly decreased for only those who did ≥196 min/wk of physical activity |
| BMI | Significantly decreased for only those who did ≥196 min/wk of physical activity
Marginally significant decreased for those who did 154–196 min/wk of physical activity |
| Waist circumference | Significantly decreased for those who did 154–196 and ≥196 min/wk of physical activity |
| Percent of body fat | Significantly decreased for those who did 154–196 and ≥196 min/wk of physical activity |
| | | | |
| Imayama et al., 2011 [52] | Between-group analyses | Quality of life: physical functioning | No significant difference |
| Quality of life: role physical | No significant difference |
| Quality of life: vitality | No significant difference |
| Quality of life: mental health | No significant difference |
| Perceived stress | No significant difference |
| Anxiety | No significant difference |
| Depression | No significant difference |
| Social support | No significant difference |
| | | |
| Within-group analyses | Perceived stress | No significant difference |
| Anxiety | No significant difference |
| Depression | No significant difference |
| Social support | No significant difference |
|
| DREW |
Church et al., 2007 [88] | Between-group analyses | Body weight | No significant difference |
| Percent of body fat | No significant difference |
| Waist circumference | Significantly decreased in all intervention groups compared to the control group |
| Peak power output | Significantly increased in all intervention groups (7.6%, 10.7%, and 12.9%, resp.) |
| Peak maximal fitness | Significantly increased in all intervention groups (4.2%, 6.0%, and 8.2%, resp.) |
| Peak relative fitness | Significantly increased in all intervention groups (4.7%, 7.0%, and 8.5%, resp.) |
| | | |
| Martin et al., 2009 [47] | Between-group analyses | Physical quality of life: physical functioning | Moderate and high doses of physical activity significantly improved compared to control group |
| Physical quality of life: role limitations | Moderate and high doses of physical activity significantly improved compared to control group |
| Physical quality of life: bodily pain | No significant difference |
| Physical quality of life: general health perceptions | All doses of intervention groups significantly improved compared to the control group |
| Social quality of life: social functioning | Moderate and high doses of physical activity significantly improved compared to control group |
| Social quality of life: role limitation | Moderate and high doses of physical activity significantly improved compared to control group |
| Social quality of life: vitality | All doses of intervention groups significantly improved compared to the control group |
| Social quality of life: mental health | All doses of intervention groups significantly improved compared to the control group |
| Sisson et al., 2009 [48] | Between-group analysis | VO2 max | Significantly increased per pairwise comparison except the low dose versus moderate dose of physical activity |
|
| WOMAN | Gabriel et al., 2011 [53] | Between-group analyses | Body weight | Significantly decreased compared to the control group |
| BMI | Significantly decreased compared to the control group |
| Waist circumference | Significantly decreased compared to the control group |
| Fat mass | Significantly decreased compared to the control group |
| 400-meter walk time | Significantly decreased compared to the control group |
| | |
| Within-group analyses | Body weight | Significantly decreased between baseline and 12-month follow-up |
| BMI | Significantly decreased between baseline and 12-month follow-up |
| Waist circumference | Significantly decreased between baseline and 12-month follow-up |
| Body fat mass | Significantly decreased between baseline and 12-month follow-up |
| 400-meter walk time | (i) Marginally significant decrease for intervention participants between baseline and 48-month follow-up |
| (ii) No change for control group participants between baseline and 48 months |
|
| ALPHA | Friedenreich et al., 2011 [54] | Between-group analyses | Body weight | Significantly decreased by 2.3 kg compared to the 0.5 kg decrease in the control group |
| Body fat mass | Significantly decreased by 2.4 kg compared to the 0.4 kg decrease in the control group |
| Abdominal fat | Significantly decreased by 16.5 cm2 compared to the 9.6 cm2 decrease in the control group |
| Waist circumference | Significantly decreased by 2.2 cm compared to the 0.1 cm decrease in the control group |
| Lean body mass | No significant difference |
| VO2 max | Significantly increased by 14.2% compared to the 2.6% increase in the control group |
|
