Unhealthy Phenotype as Indicated by Salivary Biomarkers: Glucose, Insulin, VEGF-A, and IL-12p70 in Obese Kuwaiti Adolescents
Table 3
Analysis of the association between salivary glucose, demographic factors, and biomarkers in a subset of 744 children stratified by body weight category. Values marked with an asterisk are statistically significant ().
Underweight ()
Normal ()
Overweight ()
Obese ()
Estimates (SE)
value
Estimates (SE)
value
Estimates (SE)
value
Estimates (SE)
value
Age (per year)
−0.26 (0.18)
0.16
−0.07 (0.08)
0.37
−0.07 (0.13)
0.52
0.02 (0.07)
0.84
Sex (boys versus girls)
0.23 (0.29)
0.43
−0.26 (0.09)
0.006
−0.49 (0.14)
0.004
−0.09 (0.10)
0.34
BMI (per unit)
0.16 (0.17)
0.35
−0.02 (0.03)
0.42
0.06 (0.07)
0.4
−0.01 (0.01)
0.54
Insulin (per SD)
0.52 (0.73)
0.48
0.16 (0.08)
0.06
0.25 (0.11)
0.02
0.15 (0.04)
<0.0001
VEGFA (per SD)
0.16 (0.18)
0.38
0.07 (0.06)
0.26
−0.08 (0.12)
0.53
0.10 (0.04)
0.01
IL-12p70 (per SD)
−0.06 (0.13)
0.66
−0.07 (0.05)
0.13
−0.005 (0.06)
0.93
−0.14 (0.05)
0.01
Governorate
0.12
<0.0001
<0.0001
<0.0001
value was for all governorates in a type 3 analysis.
