The Obesity Paradox and Heart Failure: A Systematic Review of a Decade of Evidence

Table 1

EPPHP component and global ratings tool for quantitative studies.

(A) Selection bias	Strong; 1	Moderate; 2	Weak; 3
(B) Study design	Strong; 1	Moderate; 2	Weak; 3
(C) Confounders	Strong; 1	Moderate; 2	Weak; 3
(D) Blinding	Strong; 1	Moderate; 2	Weak; 3
(E) Data collection method	Strong; 1	Moderate; 2	Weak; 3
(F) Withdrawals and dropouts	Strong; 1	Moderate; 2	Weak; 3

Global rating for paper is as follows:
() Strong (no weak ratings).
() Moderate (one weak rating).
() Weak (two or more weak ratings).