10-Year Changes in Adiposity in Cameroon School-Age Children: Evidence for Increasing Central Adiposity and Higher Adiposity Levels in Tallest-for-Age Children
Table 2
Means of the anthropometric parameters of study participants between 2010 and 2020.
Variables
Unadjusted analysis
Adjusted analysis
2010
2020
Mean difference
95% CI
value
Mean difference
95% CI
value
Mean
95% CI
Mean
95% CI
Whole sample
BMI (kg/m2)
17.0
(16.8–17.2)
17.3
(17.1–17.5)
0.3
(−0.0–0.5)
0.054
0.4
(0.2–0.7)
0.001
BMI z-score
0.19
(0.12–0.27)
0.32
(0.23–0.41)
0.13
(0.00–0.25)
0.042
0.15
(0.03–0.27)
0.017
WC (cm)
58.0
(57.6–58.5)
59.5
(58.9–60.1)
1.5
(0.7–2.2)
<0.001
1.9
(1.3–2.6)
<0.001
WC z-score
0.34
(0.28–0.41)
0.54
(0.47–0.62)
0.20
(0.09–0.30)
<0.001
0.20
(0.10–0.31)
<0.001
WHtR
0.442
(0.440–0.445)
0.441
(0.438–0.445)
−0.001
(−0.006–0.003)
0.574
−0.003
(−0.007–0.002)
0.242
Height (cm)
131.5
(130.6–132.5)
135.3
(134.2–136.4)
3.8
(2.3–5.2)
<0.001
5.2
(4.5–6.0)
<0.001
Height z-score
−0.12
(−0.22–−0.01)
0.83
(0.76–0.90)
0.95
(0.83–1.07)
<0.001
0.94
(0.82–1.06)
<0.001
Weight (kg)
30.0
(29.3–30.7)
32.6
(31.8–33.4)
2.6
(1.5–3.7)
<0.001
3.6
(2.9–4.2)
<0.001
Weight z-score
−0.03
(−0.1–0.03)
0.69
(0.61–0.77)
0.72
(0.61–0.82)
<0.001
0.73
(0.62–0.84)
<0.001
Females
BMI (kg/m2)
16.9
(16.7–17.2)
17.2
(16.9–17.4)
0.2
(−0.1–0.6)
0.242
0.4
(0.1–0.7)
0.026
BMI z-score
0.28
(0.18–0.38)
0.27
(0.15–0.39)
−0.01
(−0.18–0.16)
0.905
0.02
(−0.15–0.18)
0.837
WC (cm)
58.2
(57.5–58.8)
59.6
(58.8–60.5)
1.4
(0.3–2.5)
0.012
2.0
(1.0–3.0)
<0.001
WC z-score
0.31
(0.22–0.41)
0.54
(0.44–0.66)
0.24
(0.09–0.38)
0.002
0.24
(0.09–0.38)
0.002
WHtR
0.443
(0.439–0.446)
0.444
(0.439–0.449)
0.001
(−0.006–0.008)
0.753
−0.001
(−0.007–0.006)
0.859
Height (cm)
131.8
(130.5–133.2)
134.6
(133.3–136.1)
2.8
(0.8–4.9)
0.006
4.7
(3.7–5.6)
<0.001
Height z-score
−0.12
(−0.26–0.02)
0.76
(0.66–0.85)
0.88
(0.71–1.04)
<0.001
0.87
(0.71–1.03)
<0.001
Weight (kg)
30.0
(29.1–30.9)
32.1
(31.0–33.2)
2.1
(0.6–3.5)
0.005
3.2
(2.3–4.2)
<0.001
Weight z-score
−0.07
(−0.10–−0.03)
0.62
(0.51–0.72)
0.69
(0.56–0.82)
<0.001
0.70
(0.57–0.83)
<0.001
Males
BMI (kg/m2)
17.0
(16.8–17.3)
17.4
(17.1–17.7)
0.3
(−0.07–0.76)
0.104
0.5
(0.1–0.8)
<0.018
BMI z-score
0.17
(0.10–0.23)
0.30
(0.25–0.44)
0.13
(0.07–0.27)
0.003
0.14
(0.08–0.29)
0.001
WC (cm)
57.9
(57.2–58.5)
59.4
(58.6–60.1)
1.5
(0.5–2.5)
0.004
1.8
(1.0–2.6)
<0.001
WC z-score
0.37
(0.27–0.48)
0.54
(0.42–0.65)
0.16
(0.01–0.31)
0.040
0.17
(0.02–0.32)
0.032
WHtR
0.442
(0.438–0.446)
0.438
(0.433–0.442)
−0.004
(−0.010–0.001)
0.139
−0.005
(−0.011–0.000)
0.063
Height (cm)
131.2
(129.9–132.5)
136.1
(134.5–137.7)
4.9
(2.8–6.9)
<0.001
5.9
(4.9–7.0)
<0.001
Height z-score
−0.11
(−0.26–0.03)
0.92
(0.82–1.02)
1.04
(−1.43–−0.87)
<0.001
1.03
(0.85–1.21)
<0.001
Weight (kg)
30.0
(29.0–30.9)
33.2
(32.0–34.4)
3.2
(1.7–4.8)
<0.001
4.0
(2.9–5.0)
<0.001
Weight z-score
0.00
(−0.12–0.13)
0.77
(0.65–0.88)
0.77
(0.60–0.94)
<0.001
0.77
(0.60–0.94)
<0.001
CI; confidence interval, adjusted for age, class, and school type.
