Beyond the Scale: Investigating Adiponectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 as Metabolic Markers in Obese Adolescents with Metabolic Syndrome
Table 1
Subject’s characteristics.
Characteristics
Non-MetS (n = 83) (mean ± SD)
MetS (n = 42) (mean ± SD)
value
Boys = 51
Girls = 32
Boys = 37
Girls = 5
Age (months)
180.76 ± 13.35
182.44 ± 18.58
180.03 ± 17.07
184.60 ± 24.42
0.891a
Body weight (kg)
84.82 ± 13.51
78.30 ± 9.44
92.64 ± 14.43
86.86 ± 8.11
<0.001b
Body height (cm)
162.76 ± 7.38
156.05 ± 5.71
167.38 ± 8.56
163.40 ± 5.07
<0.001a
BMI
31.80 ± 4.48
32.18 ± 3.97
32.94 ± 3.99
32.75 ± 5.15
<0.001a
Waist circumference (cm)
99.92 ± 9.17
90.13 ± 8.73
103.33 ± 7.91
91.50 ± 5.15
<0.001a
Hip circumference (cm)
108.28 ± 8.56
108.53 ± 7.82
110.48 ± 8.64
113.20 ± 6.53
0.419a
Systolic BP (mmHg)
120.39 ± 13.55
118.75 ± 9.07
130.54 ± 10.46
132.00 ± 8.37
<0.001c
Diastolic BP (mmHg)
77.55 ± 8.74
77.18 ± 6.83
86.35 ± 10.32
86.00 ± 8.94
<0.001c
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
163.41 ± 36.02
175.06 ± 33.33
174.10 ± 25.20
192.80 ± 18.21
0.115a
LDL-c (mg/dL)
104.12 ± 29.63
113.50 ± 26.97
116.03 ± 22.88
128.20 ± 18.09
0.077a
HDL-c (mg/dL)
44.47 ± 6.29
46.03 ± 7.62
37.30 ± 5.41
40.80 ± 3.70
<0.001a
Triglycerides (mg/dL)
102.72 ± 62.60
101.81 ± 63.24
148.10 ± 68.57
149.60 ± 36.39
0.001c
Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)
86.27 ± 6.25
85.19 ± 4.01
86.37 ± 5.76
88.80 ± 7.26
0.591c
Fasting blood insulin (mU/L)
18.74 ± 7.57
21.13 ± 11.45
28.91 ± 18.53
24.43 ± 9.54
0.021c
HOMA IR
3.94 ± 1.58
4.45 ± 2.35
6.20 ± 4.02
5.38 ± 2.17
0.019
Adiponectin (ng/ml)
15.80 ± 7.55
16.42 ± 78.81
11.86 ± 4.08
11.93 ± 7.54
0.068c
ICAM-1 (pg/ml)
938.89 ± 1,568.767
899.59 ± 1,546.17
3,274.02 ± 15,207.28
554.46 ± 254.83
0.066c
VCAM-1 (pg/ml)
13.41 ± 13.04
5.28 ± 6.99
15.57 ± 22.24
4.52 ± 1.45
<0.001c
aOne-way ANOVA, post hoc Bonferroni; bOne-way ANOVA, post hoc Tamhane; cKruskal–Wallis, post hoc Mann–Whitney, significant if . BMI: body mass index; BP: blood pressure; LDL-c: low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-c: high density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA IR: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; ICAM-1: intercellular adhesion molecule; VCAM-1: vascular cell adhesion molecule 1.
