The Interplay between Adipose Tissue Properties and Levels of NT-proBNP in People with HIV
Table 1
Baseline characteristics for PWH with and without low concentrations of NT-proBNPa.
Characteristics
Total (N = 811)
Low NT-proBNP (N = 471)
Without low NT-proBNP(N = 340)
value
Age, years, median [IQR]
50.5 [43.0–59.0]
47.4 [40.8–53.8]
53.9 [47.8–63.9]
<0.001
Sex, male, n (%)
701 (86.4)
425 (90.2)
276 (81.2)
<0.001
BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD)
25.0 ± 3.9
25.2 ± 3.8
24.6 ± 4.0
0.03
BMI category (WHO), n (%)
0.13
Underweight
21 (2.6)
10 (2.1)
11 (3.2)
Normal
435 (53.6)
239 (50.7)
196 (57.6)
Overweight
277 (34.2)
172 (36.5)
105 (30.9)
Obese
78 (9.6)
50 (10.6)
28 (8.2)
Central obesity, n (%)
434 (53.5)
245 (52.0)
189 (55.6)
0.32
VAT area, cm2, median [IQR]
80.9 [37.1–141.1]
77.0 [36.8–139.2]
87.9 [38.5–142.1]
0.27
SAT area, cm2, median [IQR]
127.7 [81.2–184.8]
131.6 [82.8–191.1]
123.9 [76.7–177.1]
0.15
Adiponectin, μg/ml, median [IQR]
11.7 [8.4–15.6]
11.0 [8.2–14.1]
13.0 [9.0–18.9]
<0.001
Smoking, n (%)
0.052
Current
224 (28.2)
119 (25.7)
105 (31.6)
Previous
295 (37.1)
166 (35.9)
129 (38.9)
Never
276 (34.7)
178 (38.4)
98 (29.5)
Dyslipidemia, n (%)
172 (22.1)
84 (18.6)
88 (27.0)
0.006
Lipid lowering treatment, n (%)
105 (13.7)
43 (9.5)
62 (19.6)
<0.001
Hypertension, n (%)
335 (43.3)
176 (38.8)
159 (49.8)
0.002
Antihypertensive treatment, n (%)
134 (17.7)
56 (12.6)
78 (24.9)
<0.001
Diabetes, n (%)
33 (4.2)
12 (2.6)
21 (6.4)
0.03
Antidiabetic treatment, n (%)
26 (3.2)
11 (2.3)
15 (4.4)
0.10
eGFR, mL/min, mean (SD)
88.6 ± 15.5
91.6 ± 14.4
84.5 ± 16.1
<0.001
Mode of transmission, n (%)
<0.001
MSM
582 (72.5)
363 (77.9)
219 (65.0)
Intravenous drug user
11 (1.4)
2 (0.4)
9 (2.7)
Heterosexual
159 (19.8)
77 (16.5)
82 (24.3)
HIV duration, years, mean (SD)
14.4 ± 9.0
12.9 ± 8.7
16.6 ± 9.0
<0.001
Current CD4+ (cells/μL), mean (SD)
724 ± 288
734 ± 289
710 ± 288
0.24
CD4+ nadir <200 (cells/μL), n (%)
193 (23.8)
104 (22.1)
89 (26.2)
0.18
HIV RNA >50 (copies/mL), n (%)
27 (3.3)
10 (2.1)
17 (5.0)
0.02
Exposure to lipotoxic cART, n (%)
415 (51.2)
213 (45.2)
202 (59.4)
<0.001
HCV-positive antibodies, n (%)
81 (10.3)
44 (9.7)
37 (11.2)
0.73
Current cART, n (%)
799 (98.5)
464 (98.9)
335 (98.5)
1
Duration of cART, years, mean (SD)
11.0 ± 6.6
9.9 ± 6.5
12.5 ± 6.4
<0.001
NT-proBNP, N-terminal prohormone of B-type natriuretic peptide; IQR, interquartile range; BMI, body mass index; SD, standard deviation; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; VAT, visceral adipose tissue; SAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue; MSM, men who have sex with men; RNA, ribonucleic acid; cART, combination antiretroviral therapy; HCV, hepatitis C virus. aDyslipidemia was defined as LDL ≥4.16 mmol/L (160 mg/dL) and/or lipid-lowering treatment. Hypertension was defined as antihypertensive treatment and/or having ≥140 mmHg systolic and/or ≥90 mmHg diastolic blood pressure. Treatment with an antidiabetic drug for diabetes and/or nonfasting venous plasma glucose ≥11.1 mmol/L and/or HbA1c ≥6.5% was used to define diabetes. Exposure to lipotoxic cART was defined as ever exposed to either stavudine, zidovudine, and/or didanosine. If numbers and percentages do not add up, it is due to missing values.
