Humoral signals implicated in the physiological regulation of food intake. Diagram summarising the major signalling pathways which converge on the hypothalamus and brainstem in order to regulate food intake. ARC, arcuate nucleus; NPY/AgRP, neuropeptide Y and agouti-related peptide; POMC/CART, proopiomelanocortin and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript; DVC, dorsal vagal complex; DVN, the dorsal motor nucleus of vagus; NTS, the nucleus of the tractus solitarius; AP, area postrema; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1; CCK, cholecystokinin; PP, pancreatic polypeptide; PYY, peptide YY; OXM, oxyntomodulin.
