Combined Effects of Aerobic Exercise and Diet on Lipids and Lipoproteins in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Meta-Analysis
Table 5
Metaregression results for changes in lipid and lipoprotein concentrations.
Variable
Studies (#)
Participants (#)
ES (#)
(95% CI)
TC
Age (years)
10
810
12
0.4 (−0.4, 1.3)
.33
.11
Gender
6
574
8
−0.57 (−20.9, 19.8)
.03
<.01
Initial TC (mg/dL)
11
820
13
0.2 (−0.2, 0.5)
.28
.08
Intervention (wks)
11
820
13
0.1 (0.05, 0.2)*
.74
.55
Body weight (kg)
9
758
10
2.1 (0.8, 3.5)*
.73
.54
BMI (kg/m2)
7
325
7
10.1 (3.2, 17.0)*
.83
.69
(mLkg−1min−1)
5
313
7
−0.9 (−3.4, 1.6)
.31
.10
Kilocalories
6
389
7
0.02 (−0.03, 0.06)
.32
.10
Total fat (%)
7
654
8
0.9 (−0.4, 2.2)
.56
.31
Saturated fat (%)
4
304
5
0.4 (−3.5, 4.3)
.12
.02
Cholesterol (mg)
4
292
5
−0.1 (−0.3, 0.2)
.27
.07
HDL-C
Age (years)
10
810
12
−0.2 (−0.4, 0.1)
.41
.17
Gender
6
574
8
−4.0 (−8.9, 0.9)
.62
.38
Initial HDL-C (mg/dL)
11
820
13
−0.1 (−0.4, 0.2)
.20
.04
Intervention (wks)
11
820
13
0.01 (−0.03, 0.05)
.18
.03
Body weight (kg)
10
810
12
−0.5 (−1.0, 0.1)
.52
.27
BMI (kg/m2)
7
325
7
0.7 (−1.9, 3.4)
.25
.06
(mLkg−1min−1)
4
313
6
0.9 (0.2, 1.5)*
.75
.56
Kilocalories
6
389
7
−0.02 (−.04, −0.001)*
.73
.53
Total fat (%)
7
654
8
−0.2 (−0.8, 0.4)
.25
.06
Saturated fat (%)
4
304
5
0.6 (−1.6, 2.8)
.44
.19
Cholesterol (mg)
4
292
5
−0.05 (−0.1, 0.03)
.54
.29
TC : HDL-C
Age (years)
6
383
8
0.02 (−0.02, 0.06)
.30
.09
Gender
3
252
5
0.9 (0.5, 1.2)*
.93
.87
Initial TC : HDL (mg/dL)
4
180
5
−0.9 (−1.6, −0.1)*
.77
.60
Intervention (wks)
6
383
8
−0.01, (−0.03, 0.01)
.28
.08
Body weight (kg)
6
383
8
0.1 (0.1, 0.2)*
.81
.66
BMI (kg/m2)
4
175
4
0.1 (−0.2, 0.5)
.81
.66
(mLkg−1min−1)
2
208
4
−0.2 (−0.9, 0.4)
.38
.14
Kilocalories
4
292
5
0.005 (0.002,0.007)*
.92
.85
Total fat (%)
4
292
5
0.01 (−0.02, 0.1)
.74
.54
Saturated fat (%)
3
261
4
0.1 (−0.2, 0.4)
..51
.26
Cholesterol (mg)
4
292
5
−0.0002 (−0.002, 0.002)
.12
.02
LDL-C
Age (years)
9
773
11
0.4 (−0.1, 1.0)
.43
.18
Gender
4
262
6
3.2 (−10.5, 17.0)
.21
.04
Initial LDL-C (mg/dL)
10
783
12
0.3 (−0.02, 0.52)
.49
.24
Intervention (wks)
10
783
12
0.06 (0.01, 0.12)*
.58
.34
Body weight (kg)
9
773
11
1.4 (0.5, 2.4)*
.67
.45
BMI (kg/m2)
6
290
6
8.6 (2.5, 14.6)*
.81
.66
(mLkg−1min−1)
4
313
6
−1.1 (−3.0, 0.8)
.46
.21
Kilocalories
5
355
6
0.02 (−0.02, 0.07)
.50
.25
Total fat (%)
6
620
7
0.5 (−0.6, 1.5)
.39
.15
Saturated fat (%)
4
304
5
0.2 (−2.7, 3.2)
.09
.01
Cholesterol (mg)
4
292
5
−0.004 (−0.2, 0.2)
.03
>.01
TG
Age (years)
10
810
12
1.5 (0.3, 2.7)*
0.53
0.28
Gender
6
574
8
6.2 (−21.7, 34.0)
0.13
0.02
Initial TG (mg/dL)
10
777
12
−0.3 (−0.6, −0.1)*
0.62
0.38
Intervention (wks)
11
820
13
0.1 (−0.1, 0.2)
0.17
0.03
Body weight (kg)
10
810
12
3.2 (1.1, 5.4)*
0.59
0.35
BMI (kg/m2)
7
325
7
0.2 (−21.2, 21.6)
.01
<.001
(mLkg−1min−1)
4
313
6
−3.1 (−7.3, 1.2)
.49
.24
Kilocalories
6
389
7
−0.02 (−0.1, 0.1)
.18
.03
Total fat (%)
6
620
7
1.5 (−0.4, 3.4)
.57
.33
Saturated fat (%)
4
304
5
−2.7 (−8.5, 3.0)
.51
.26
Cholesterol (mg)
4
292
5
−0.1 (−0.2, 0.4)
.39
.15
Notes. ES, effect sizes; #, number for which data were available; , ES change for outcome; (95% CI), slope and 95% confidence interval; *, statistically significant.