Journal Menu
- About this Journal
- Abstracting and Indexing
- Aims and Scope
- Article Processing Charges
- Articles in Press
- Author Guidelines
- Bibliographic Information
- Citations to this Journal
- Contact Information
- Editorial Board
- Editorial Workflow
- Free eTOC Alerts
- Publication Ethics
- Reviewers Acknowledgment
- Submit a Manuscript
- Subscription Information
- Table of Contents
Journal of Ophthalmology
Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 262467, 15 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/262467
Review Article
Using the Electroretinogram to Understand How Intraocular Pressure Elevation Affects the Rat Retina
1Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
2Devers Eye Institute and Legacy Research Institute, Legacy Health, Portland, OR 97232, USA
Received 11 September 2012; Accepted 24 October 2012
Academic Editor: Shigeki Machida
Copyright © 2013 Bang V. Bui et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Linked References
- L. H. Cohen and W. K. Noell, “Glucose catabolism of rabbit retina before and after development of visual function,” Journal of Neurochemistry, vol. 5, pp. 253–276, 1960. View at Scopus
- C. N. Graymore, “Metabolic survival of the isolated retina,” British Medical Bulletin, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 130–133, 1970. View at Scopus
- P. N. Dimitrov, B. N. Mukesh, C. A. McCarty, and H. R. Taylor, “Five-year incidence of bilateral cause-specific visual impairment in the Melbourne Visual Impairment Project,” Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, vol. 44, no. 12, pp. 5075–5081, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- H. A. Quigley, “Number of people with glaucoma worldwide,” British Journal of Ophthalmology, vol. 80, no. 5, pp. 389–393, 1996. View at Scopus
- A. Sommer, “Intraocular pressure and glaucoma,” American Journal of Ophthalmology, vol. 107, no. 2, pp. 186–188, 1989. View at Scopus
- M. O. Gordon, J. A. Beiser, J. D. Brandt et al., “The Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study: baseline factors that predict the onset of primary open-angle glaucoma,” Archives of Ophthalmology, vol. 120, no. 6, pp. 714–730, 2002. View at Scopus
- M. A. Kass, D. K. Heuer, E. J. Higginbotham et al., “The Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study: a randomized trial determines that topical ocular hypotensive medication delays or prevents the onset of primary open-angle glaucoma,” Archives of Ophthalmology, vol. 120, no. 6, pp. 701–730, 2002. View at Scopus
- “Origins of the electroretinogram,” in Principles and Practice of Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision, J. R. Heckenlively and G. B. Arden, Eds., pp. 139–184, The MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass, USA, 2006.
- B. V. Bui, H. S. Weisinger, A. J. Sinclair, and A. J. Vingrys, “Comparison of guinea pig electroretinograms measured with bipolar corneal and unipolar intravitreal electrodes,” Documenta Ophthalmologica, vol. 95, no. 1, pp. 15–34, 1998. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- B. Fortune, B. V. Bui, G. Cull, L. Wang, and G. A. Cioffi, “Inter-ocular and inter-session reliability of the electroretinogram photopic negative response (PhNR) in non-human primates,” Experimental Eye Research, vol. 78, no. 1, pp. 83–93, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- J. G. Robson and L. J. Frishman, “Dissecting the dark-adapted electroretinogram,” Documenta Ophthalmologica, vol. 95, no. 3-4, pp. 187–215, 1998. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- T. M. Dang, T. I. Tsai, A. J. Vingrys, and B. V. Bui, “Post-receptoral contributions to the rat scotopic electroretinogram a-wave,” Documenta Ophthalmologica, vol. 122, no. 3, pp. 149–156, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- F. Naarendorp, Y. Sato, A. Cajdric, and N. P. Hubbard, “Absolute and relative sensitivity of the scotopic system of rat: electroretinography and behavior,” Visual Neuroscience, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 641–656, 2001. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- B. V. Bui and B. Fortune, “Ganglion cell contributions to the rat full-field electroretinogram,” Journal of Physiology, vol. 555, no. 1, pp. 153–173, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- S. M. Saszik, J. G. Robson, and L. J. Frishman, “The scotopic threshold response of the dark-adapted electroretinogram of the mouse,” Journal of Physiology, vol. 543, no. 3, pp. 899–916, 2002. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- L. Wachtmeister, “Oscillatory potentials in the retina: what do they reveal,” Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 485–521, 1998. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- A. E. Weymouth and A. J. Vingrys, “Rodent electroretinography: methods for extraction and interpretation of rod and cone responses,” Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 1–44, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- J. J. Kang Derwent and R. A. Linsenmeier, “Intraretinal analysis of the a-wave of the electroretinogram (ERG) in dark-adapted intact cat retina,” Visual Neuroscience, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 353–363, 2001. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- R. D. Braun, R. A. Linsenmeier, and T. K. Goldstick, “Oxygen consumption in the inner and outer retina of the cat,” Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 542–554, 1995. View at Scopus
- D. R. Howard and D. C. Sawyer, “Electroretinography of acute hypoxic and increased intraocular pressure status in the dog,” American Journal of Veterinary Research, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 81–84, 1975. View at Scopus
- B. V. Bui, A. J. Vingrys, and M. Kalloniatis, “Correlating retinal function and amino acid immunocytochemistry following post-mortem ischemia,” Experimental Eye Research, vol. 77, no. 2, pp. 125–136, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- P. L. Gehibach and R. L. Purple, “A paired comparison of two models of experimental retinal ischemia,” Current Eye Research, vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 597–602, 1994. View at Scopus
- D. M. Rosenbaum, P. S. Rosenbaum, M. Singh et al., “Functional and morphologic comparison of two methods to produce transient retinal ischemia in the rat,” Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 62–68, 2001. View at Scopus
- B. V. Bui, M. Kalloniatis, and A. J. Vingrys, “The contribution of glycolytic and oxidative pathways to retinal photoreceptor function,” Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, vol. 44, no. 6, pp. 2708–2715, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- T. D. Lamb and E. N. Pugh, “A quantitative account of the activation steps involved in phototransduction in amphibian photoreceptors,” Journal of Physiology, vol. 449, pp. 719–758, 1992. View at Scopus
- D. C. Hood and D. G. Birch, “Rod phototransduction in retinitis pigmentosa: estimation and interpretation of parameters derived from the rod a-wave,” Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, vol. 35, no. 7, pp. 2948–2961, 1994. View at Scopus
- J. Astrup, “Energy-requiring cell functions in the ischemic brain. Their critical supply and possible inhibition in protective therapy,” Journal of Neurosurgery, vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 482–497, 1982. View at Scopus
- A. Ames, K. I. Maynard, and S. Kaplan, “Protection against CNS ischemia by temporary interruption of function- related processes of neurons,” Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 433–439, 1995. View at Scopus
- S. J. Cringle, D.-Y. Yu, P. K. Yu, and E.-N. Su, “Intraretinal oxygen consumption in the rat in vivo,” Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, vol. 43, no. 6, pp. 1922–1927, 2002.
- L. Wang, M. Kondo, and A. Bill, “Glucose metabolism in cat outer retina: effects of light and hyperoxia,” Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 48–55, 1997. View at Scopus
- R. A. Linsenmeier and C. M. Yancey, “Effects of hyperoxia on the oxygen distribution in the intact cat retina,” Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 612–618, 1989. View at Scopus
- S. Viswanathan, L. J. Frishman, J. G. Robson, and J. W. Walters, “The photopic negative response of the flash electroretinogram in primary open angle glaucoma,” Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 514–522, 2001. View at Scopus
- R. A. Bush and P. A. Sieving, “A proximal retinal component in the primate photopic ERG a-wave,” Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 635–645, 1994. View at Scopus
- A. Szel and P. Rohlich, “Two cone types of rat retina detected by anti-visual pigment antibodies,” Experimental Eye Research, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 47–52, 1992. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- J. A. Jamison, R. A. Bush, B. Lei, and P. A. Sieving, “Characterization of the rod photoresponse isolated from the dark-adapted primate ERG,” Visual Neuroscience, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 445–455, 2001. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- C. Macaluso, S. Onoe, and G. Niemeyer, “Changes in glucose level affect rod function more than cone function in the isolated, perfused cat eye,” Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, vol. 33, no. 10, pp. 2798–2808, 1992. View at Scopus
- C. Hirsch-Hoffmann and G. Niemeyer, “Changes in plasma glucose level affect rod-, but not cone-ERG in the anesthetized cat,” Clinical Vision Sciences, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 489–501, 1993. View at Scopus
- M. Nihira, K. Anderson, F. A. Gorin, and M. S. Burns, “Primate rod and cone photoreceptors may differ in glucose accessibility,” Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, vol. 36, no. 7, pp. 1259–1270, 1995. View at Scopus
- A. Okubo, M. Sameshima, K. Unoki, F. Uehara, and N. Ohba, “Ultracytochemical demonstration of glycogen in cone, but not in rod, photoreceptor cells in the rat retina,” Annals of Anatomy, vol. 180, no. 4, pp. 307–314, 1998. View at Scopus
- T. R. Fricke, N. Mantzioros, and A. J. Vingrys, “Management of patients with narrow angles and acute angle-closure glaucoma,” Clinical and Experimental Optometry, vol. 81, pp. 255–266, 1998.
- H. A. Quigley, “New paradigms in the mechanisms and management of glaucoma,” Eye, vol. 19, no. 12, pp. 1241–1248, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- R. N. Weinreb and P. Tee Khaw, “Primary open-angle glaucoma,” The Lancet, vol. 363, no. 9422, pp. 1711–1720, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- A. Sommer, J. M. Tielsch, J. Katz et al., “Relationship between intraocular pressure and primary open angle glaucoma among white and black Americans: the Baltimore eye survey,” Archives of Ophthalmology, vol. 109, no. 8, pp. 1090–1095, 1991. View at Scopus
- A. Sommer, “Doyne lecture glaucoma: facts and fancies,” Eye, vol. 10, part 3, pp. 295–301, 1996. View at Scopus
- S. Drange, D. R. Anderson, and M. Schulzer, “Risk factors for progression of visual field abnormalities in normal-tension glaucoma,” American Journal of Ophthalmology, vol. 131, no. 6, pp. 699–708, 2001. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- B. V. Bui, B. Edmunds, G. A. Cioffi, and B. Fortune, “The gradient of retinal functional changes during acute intraocular pressure elevation,” Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 202–213, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- W. S. Foulds and N. F. Johnson, “Rabbit electroretinogram during recovery from induced ischaemia,” Transactions of the Ophthalmological Societies of the United Kingdom, vol. 94, no. 2, pp. 383–393, 1974. View at Scopus
- M. S. Marx, S. M. Podos, and I. Bodis-Wollner, “Flash and pattern electroretinograms in normal and laser-induced glaucomatous primate eyes,” Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 378–386, 1986. View at Scopus
- R. Siliprandi, M. G. Bucci, R. Canella, and G. Carmignoto, “Flash and pattern electroretinograms during and after acute intraocular pressure elevation in cats,” Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 558–565, 1988. View at Scopus
- J. G. Feghali, J. C. Jin, and J. V. Odom, “Effect of short-term intraocular pressure elevation on the rabbit electroretinogram,” Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, vol. 32, no. 8, pp. 2184–2189, 1991. View at Scopus
- Z. Zhi, W. Cepurna, E. Johnson, T. Shen, J. Morrison, and R. K. Wang, “Volumetric and quantitative imaging of retinal blood flow in rats with optical microangiography,” Biomedical Optics Express, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 579–591, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- F. Block and M. Schwarz, “The b-wave of the electroretinogram as an index of retinal ischemia,” General Pharmacology, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 281–287, 1998. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- D. Sun, B. V. Bui, A. J. Vingrys, and M. Kalloniatis, “Alterations in photoreceptor-bipolar cell signaling following ischemia/reperfusion in the rat retina,” Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol. 505, no. 1, pp. 131–146, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- D. G. Birch, D. C. Hood, S. Nusinowitz, and D. R. Pepperberg, “Abnormal activation and inactivation mechanisms of rod transduction in patients with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa and the pro-23-his mutation,” Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, vol. 36, no. 8, pp. 1603–1614, 1995. View at Scopus
- D. R. Pepperberg, D. G. Birch, and D. C. Hood, “Photoresponses of human rods in vivo derived from paired-flash electroretinograms,” Visual Neuroscience, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 73–82, 1997. View at Scopus
- P. J. Nixon, B. V. Bui, J. A. Armitage, and A. J. Vingrys, “The contribution of cone responses to rat electroretinograms,” Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 193–196, 2001. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- Z. He, B. V. Bui, and A. J. Vingrys, “The rate of functional recovery from acute IOP elevation,” Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, vol. 47, no. 11, pp. 4872–4880, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- M. D. Roberts, Y. Liang, I. A. Sigal et al., “Correlation between local stress and strain and lamina cribrosa connective tissue volume fraction in normal monkey eyes,” Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 295–307, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- I. A. Sigal, H. Yang, M. D. Roberts, C. F. Burgoyne, and J. Crawford Downs, “IOP-induced lamina cribrosa displacement and scleral canal expansion: an analysis of factor interactions using parameterized eye-specific models,” Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 9023–9032, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- B. Fortune, T. E. Choe, J. Reynaud et al., “Deformation of the rodent optic nerve head and peripapillary structures during acute intraocular pressure elevation,” Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, vol. 52, no. 9, pp. 6651–6661, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- S. J. McKinnon, “Glaucoma: ocular Alzheimer's disease?” Frontiers in Bioscience, vol. 8, pp. s1140–s1156, 2003. View at Scopus
- F. Mabuchi, M. Aihara, M. R. Mackey, J. D. Lindsey, and R. N. Weinreb, “Optic nerve damage in experimental mouse ocular hypertension,” Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, vol. 44, no. 10, pp. 4321–4330, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- L. Guo, S. E. Moss, R. A. Alexander, R. R. Ali, F. W. Fitzke, and M. F. Cordeiro, “Retinal ganglion cell apoptosis in glaucoma is related to intraocular pressure and IOP-induced effects on extracellular matrix,” Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 175–182, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- B. C. Chauhan, J. Pan, M. L. Archibald, T. L. LeVatte, M. E. M. Kelly, and F. Tremblay, “Effect of intraocular pressure on optic disc topography, electroretinography, and axonal loss in a chronic pressure-induced rat model of optic nerve damage,” Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, vol. 43, no. 9, pp. 2969–2976, 2002. View at Scopus
- W. A. Hare, E. WoldeMussie, R. K. Lai et al., “Efficacy and safety of memantine treatment for reduction of changes associated with experimental glaucoma in monkey, I: functional measures,” Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, vol. 45, no. 8, pp. 2625–2639, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- B. Fortune, B. V. Bui, J. C. Morrison et al., “Selective ganglion cell functional loss in rats with experimental glaucoma,” Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 1854–1862, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- S. M. Drance, “Diurnal variation of intraocular pressure in treated glaucoma. Significance in patients with chronic simple glaucoma,” Archives of Ophthalmology, vol. 70, pp. 302–311, 1963. View at Scopus
- S. M. DRANCE, “The significance of the diurnal tension variations in normal and glaucomatous eyes,” Archives of Ophthalmology, vol. 64, pp. 494–501, 1960. View at Scopus
- S. Mosaed, J. H. K. Liu, and R. N. Weinreb, “Correlation between office and peak nocturnal intraocular pressures in healthy subjects and glaucoma patients,” American Journal of Ophthalmology, vol. 139, no. 2, pp. 320–324, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- J. H. K. Liu, X. Zhang, D. F. Kripke, and R. N. Weinreb, “Twenty-four-hour intraocular pressure pattern associated with early glaucomatous changes,” Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 1586–1590, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- J. W. McLaren, R. F. Brubaker, and J. S. Fitzsimon, “Continuous measurement of intraocular pressure in rabbits by telemetry,” Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 966–975, 1996. View at Scopus
- C. G. Moore, E. C. Johnson, and J. C. Morrison, “Circadian rhythm of intraocular pressure in the rat,” Current Eye Research, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 185–191, 1996. View at Scopus
- M. Aihara, J. D. Lindsey, and R. N. Weinreb, “Twenty-four-hour pattern of mouse intraocular pressure,” Experimental Eye Research, vol. 77, no. 6, pp. 681–686, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- S. C. Saccà, M. Rolando, A. Marletta, A. Macri, P. Cerqueti, and G. Ciurlo, “Fluctuations of intraocular pressure during the day in open-angle glaucoma, normal-tension glaucoma and normal subjects,” Ophthalmologica, vol. 212, no. 2, pp. 115–119, 1998. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- K. Nouri-Mahdavi, D. Hoffman, A. L. Coleman et al., “Predictive factors for glaucomatous visual field progression in the Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study,” Ophthalmology, vol. 111, no. 9, pp. 1627–1635, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- S. Asrani, R. Zeimer, J. Wilensky, D. Gieser, S. Vitale, and K. Lindenmuth, “Large diurnal fluctuations in intraocular pressure are an independent risk factor in patients with glaucoma,” Journal of Glaucoma, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 134–142, 2000. View at Scopus
- B. Bengtsson, M. C. Leske, L. Hyman, and A. Heijl, “Fluctuation of intraocular pressure and glaucoma progression in the early manifest glaucoma trial,” Ophthalmology, vol. 114, no. 2, pp. 205–209, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- Z. He, B. V. Bui, and A. J. Vingrys, “Effect of repeated IOP challenge on rat retinal function,” Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, vol. 49, no. 7, pp. 3026–3034, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- R. A. Linsenmeier, A. H. Mines, and R. H. Steinberg, “Effects of hypoxia and hypercapnia on the light peak and electroretinogram of the cat,” Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 37–46, 1983. View at Scopus
- C. M. Yancey and R. A. Linsenmeier, “The electroretinogram and choroidal PO2 in the cat during elevated intraocular pressure,” Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 700–707, 1988. View at Scopus
- C. M. Yancey and R. A. Linsenmeier, “Oxygen distribution and consumption in the cat retina at increased intraocular pressure,” Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 600–611, 1989. View at Scopus
- E. Stefánsson, D. B. Pedersen, P. K. Jensen et al., “Optic nerve oxygenation,” Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 307–332, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- D. J. Brooks, “The clinical role of PET in cerebrovascular disease,” Neurosurgical Review, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 91–96, 1991. View at Scopus
- D. R. Dantzker, “Oxygen delivery and utilization,” Applied Cardiopulmonary Pathophysiology, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 345–350, 1991. View at Scopus
- L. Friberg, J. Olesen, N. A. Lassen, T. S. Olsen, and A. Karle, “Cerebral oxygen extraction, oxygen consumption, and regional cerebral blood flow during the aura phase of migraine,” Stroke, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 974–979, 1994. View at Scopus
- C. K. Chapler and S. M. Cain, “The physiologic reserve in oxygen carrying capacity: studies in experimental hemodilution,” Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, vol. 64, no. 1, pp. 7–12, 1986. View at Scopus
- J. R. Sutton, “Limitations to maximal oxygen uptake,” Sports Medicine, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 127–133, 1992. View at Scopus
- P. Tornquist and A. Alm, “Retinal and choroidal contribution to retinal metabolism in vivo. A study in pigs,” Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, vol. 106, no. 3, pp. 351–357, 1979. View at Scopus
- Z. He, C. T. O. Nguyen, J. A. Armitage, A. J. Vingrys, and B. V. Bui, “Blood pressure modifies retinal susceptibility to intraocular pressure elevation,” PLoS ONE, vol. 7, no. 2, Article ID e31104, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- J. Caprioli and A. L. Coleman, “Blood pressure, perfusion pressure, and glaucoma,” American Journal of Ophthalmology, vol. 149, no. 5, pp. 704–712, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- J. M. Tielsch, J. Katz, A. Sommer, H. A. Quigley, and J. C. Javitt, “Hypertension, perfusion pressure, and primary open-angle glaucoma: a population-based assessment,” Archives of Ophthalmology, vol. 113, no. 2, pp. 216–221, 1995. View at Scopus
- N. Collignon, W. Dewe, S. Guillaume, and J. Collignon-Brach, “Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in glaucoma patients. The nocturnal systolic dip and its relationship with disease progression,” International Ophthalmology, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 19–25, 1998. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- P. Demailly, F. Cambien, and P. F. Plouin, “Do patients with low tension glaucoma have particular cardiovascular characteristics?” Ophthalmologica, vol. 188, no. 2, pp. 65–75, 1984. View at Scopus
- S. L. Graham and S. M. Drance, “Nocturnal hypotension: role in glaucoma progression,” Survey of Ophthalmology, vol. 43, no. 6, pp. S10–S16, 1999. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- S. L. Graham, S. M. Drance, K. Wijsman, G. R. Douglas, and F. S. Mikelberg, “Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in glaucoma: the nocturnal dip,” Ophthalmology, vol. 102, no. 1, pp. 61–69, 1995. View at Scopus
- H. J. Kaiser, J. Flammer, T. Graf, and D. Stumpfig, “Systemic blood pressure in glaucoma patients,” Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, vol. 231, no. 12, pp. 677–680, 1993. View at Scopus
- M. C. Leske, A. Heijl, L. Hyman, B. Bengtsson, L. Dong, and Z. Yang, “Predictors of long-term progression in the early manifest glaucoma trial,” Ophthalmology, vol. 114, no. 11, pp. 1965–1972, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- F. Memarzadeh, M. Ying-Lai, J. Chung, S. P. Azen, and R. Varma, “Blood pressure, perfusion pressure, and open-angle glaucoma: the Los Angeles Latino eye study,” Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, vol. 51, no. 6, pp. 2872–2877, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- F. Topouzis, A. L. Coleman, A. Harris et al., “Association of blood pressure status with the optic disk structure in non-glaucoma subjects: the Thessaloniki eye study,” American Journal of Ophthalmology, vol. 142, no. 1, pp. 60–67.e1, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- Y. Liang, J. C. Downs, B. Fortune, G. Cull, G. A. Cioffi, and L. Wang, “Impact of systemic blood pressure on the relationship between intraocular pressure and blood flow in the optic nerve head of nonhuman primates,” Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, vol. 50, no. 5, pp. 2154–2160, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- M. C. Leske, S. Y. Wu, A. Hennis, R. Honkanen, and B. Nemesure, “Risk factors for incident open-angle glaucoma: the Barbados Eye Studies,” Ophthalmology, vol. 115, no. 1, pp. 85–93, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- M. C. Leske, S. Y. Wu, B. Nemesure, and A. Hennis, “Incident open-angle glaucoma and blood pressure,” Archives of Ophthalmology, vol. 120, no. 7, pp. 954–959, 2002. View at Scopus
- L. Bonomi, G. Marchini, M. Marraffa, P. Bernardi, R. Morbio, and A. Varotto, “Vascular risk factors for primary open angle glaucoma: the Egna-Neumarkt Study,” Ophthalmology, vol. 107, no. 7, pp. 1287–1293, 2000. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- I. Dielemans, J. R. Vingerling, D. Algra, A. Hofman, D. E. Grobbee, and P. T. V. M. De Jong, “Primary open-angle glaucoma, intraocular pressure, and systemic blood pressure in the general elderly population: the Rotterdam Study,” Ophthalmology, vol. 102, no. 1, pp. 54–60, 1995. View at Scopus
- C. A. A. Hulsman, J. R. Vingerling, A. Hofman, J. C. M. Witteman, and P. T. V. M. De Jong, “Blood pressure, arterial stiffness, and open-angle glaucoma: the Rotterdam Study,” Archives of Ophthalmology, vol. 125, no. 6, pp. 805–812, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- P. Mitchell, A. J. Lee, E. Rochtchina, and J. J. Wang, “Open-angle glaucoma and systemic hypertension: the Blue Mountains Eye Study,” Journal of Glaucoma, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 319–326, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- A. Azuara-Blanco, A. Harris, L. B. Cantor, M. M. Abreu, and M. Weinland, “Effects of short term increase of intraocular pressure on optic disc cupping,” British Journal of Ophthalmology, vol. 82, no. 8, pp. 880–883, 1998. View at Scopus
- A. Colotto, B. Falsini, T. Salgarello, L. Buzzonetti, S. Cermola, and G. Porrello, “Transiently raised intraocular pressure reveals pattern electroretinogram losses in ocular hypertension,” Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, vol. 37, no. 13, pp. 2663–2670, 1996. View at Scopus
- T. R. Friberg and G. Sanborn, “Optic nerve dysfunction during gravity inversion. Pattern reversal visual evoked potentials,” Archives of Ophthalmology, vol. 103, no. 11, pp. 1687–1689, 1985. View at Scopus
- J. V. Lovasik, H. Kergoat, and M. Gagnon, “Experimentally reduced perfusion of one eye impairs retinal function in both eyes,” Optometry and Vision Science, vol. 82, no. 9, pp. 850–857, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- M. Nagaraju, M. Saleh, and V. Porciatti, “IOP-dependent retinal ganglion cell dysfunction in glaucomatous DBA/2J mice,” Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, vol. 48, no. 10, pp. 4573–4579, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- L. M. Ventura, I. Golubev, W. Lee, I. Nose, J. M. Parel, et al., “Head-down posture induces PERG alterations in early glaucoma,” Journal of Glaucoma. In press.
- G. Ferreri, R. Buceti, F. M. B. Ferreri, and A. M. Roszkowska, “Postural modifications of the oscillatory potentials of the electroretinogram in primary open-angle glaucoma,” Ophthalmologica, vol. 216, no. 1, pp. 22–26, 2002. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- Y. X. Kong, J. G. Crowston, A. J. Vingrys, I. A. Trounce, and B. V. Bui, “Functional changes in the retina during and after acute intraocular pressure elevation in mice,” Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, vol. 50, no. 12, pp. 5732–5740, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- H. A. Quigley and A. T. Broman, “The number of people with glaucoma worldwide in 2010 and 2020,” British Journal of Ophthalmology, vol. 90, no. 3, pp. 262–267, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- M. P. Mattson and T. Magnus, “Ageing and neuronal vulnerability,” Nature Reviews Neuroscience, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 278–294, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- Y. X. G. Kong, N. van Bergen, B. V. Bui et al., “Impact of aging and diet restriction on retinal function during and after acute intraocular pressure injury,” Neurobiology of Aging, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 1126e15–1126e25, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- L. S. Kaguni, “DNA polymerase γ, the mitochondrial replicase,” Annual Review of Biochemistry, vol. 73, pp. 293–320, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- M. A. Graziewicz, M. J. Longley, and W. C. Copeland, “DNA polymerase γ in mitochondrial DNA replication and repair,” Chemical Reviews, vol. 106, no. 2, pp. 383–405, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- M. J. Longley, D. Nguyen, T. A. Kunkel, and W. C. Copeland, “The fidelity of human DNA polymerase gamma with and without exonucleolytic proofreading and the p55 accessory subunit,” The Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 276, pp. 38555–38562, 2001.
- C. C. Kujoth, A. Hiona, T. D. Pugh et al., “Medicine: mitochondrial DNA mutations, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in mammalian aging,” Science, vol. 309, no. 5733, pp. 481–484, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- A. Trifunovic, A. Hansson, A. Wredenberg et al., “Somatic mtDNA mutations cause aging phenotypes without affecting reactive oxygen species production,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 102, no. 50, pp. 17993–17998, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- Y. X. G. Kong, N. van Bergen, I. A. Trounce et al., “Increase in mitochondrial DNA mutations impairs retinal function and renders the retina vulnerable to injury,” Aging Cell, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 572–583, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- X. Luo, G. N. Lambrou, J. A. Sahel, and D. Hicks, “Hypoglycemia induces general neuronal death, whereas hypoxia and glutamate transport blockade lead to selective retinal ganglion cell death in vitro,” Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, vol. 42, no. 11, pp. 2695–2705, 2001. View at Scopus
- T. T. Lam, J. M. K. Kwong, and M. O. M. Tso, “Early glial responses after acute elevated intraocular pressure in rats,” Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 638–645, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus