Effect of Trandolapril on Regression of Retinopathy in Hypertensive Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Prespecified Analysis of the Benedict Trial

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes and normoalbuminuria according to availability of fundus evaluation YES/NO, evidence of retinopathy at study entry YES/NO, and to randomization to ACE inhibitor therapy YES/NO and ndCCB therapy YES/NO.

	Funduscopy Yes	Funduscopy No	Retinopathy Yes	Retinopathy No	With Retinopathy
					ACEi Yes	ACEi No	ndCCB Yes	ndCCB No
Number of patients	550	659	90	460	42	48	50	40
Demography
Age (yrs)	62.0$\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}}\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}}\pm \mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}}$ 7.8	62.6 ± 8.2	61.3 ± 7.9	62.1 ± 7.8	61.5 ± 7.7	61.1 ± 8.1	60.8 ± 8.4	62.0 ± 7.1
Males ($n$)	294 (53.5)	345 (52.3)	48 (53.3)	246 (53.5)	24 (57.1)	24 (50.0)	30 (60.0)	18 (45.0)
Clinics
BMI (kg/m^2)	28.7 ± 4.5	29.4 ± 4.9*	28.3 ± 4.0	28.8 ± 4.6	28.0 ± 3.3	28.6 ± 4.5	28.4 ± 4.0	28.1 ± 4.0
Diabetes duration (yrs)	7.9 ± 6.6	7.4 ± 6.5	10.5 ± 7.2	7.4 ± 6.3°°°	11.2 ± 7.5	9.9 ± 7.1	10.9 ± 7.0	10.1 ± 7.6
Smokers
Never	323 (58.7)	377 (57.2)	58 (64.4)	265 (57.6)	24 (57.1)	34 (70.8)	31 (62.0)	27 (67.5)
Former	169 (30.7)	194 (29.4)	24 (26.7)	145 (31.5)	14 (33.3)	10 (20.8)	15 (30.0)	9 (22.5)
Current	58 (10.5)	88 (13.3)	8 (8.9)	50 (10.9)	4 (9.5)	4 (8.3)	4 (8.0)	4 (10.0)
Laboratory
HbA1c (%)	5.9 ± 1.5	5.7 ± 1.3**	6.5 ± 1.5	5.8 ± 1.4°°°	6.6 ± 1.4	6.5 ± 1.7	6.6 ± 1.7	6.4 ± 1.2
Systolic BP (mm Hg)	151.6 ± 14.3	149.3 ± 12.9*	158.4±16.5	150.3 ± 13.5°°°	161.2 ± 15.3	155.9±17.2	154.3±15.2	189.0 ± 55.6
Diastolic BP (mm Hg)	88.8 ± 8.3	86.4 ± 6.9***	90.7 ± 8.2	88.4 ± 8.3°	92.4 ± 7.9	89.1±8.3	89.9±8.5	91.6 ± 7.9
Albuminuria ($\mu$g/min)	6.8 ± 4.5	7.0 ± 4.6	8.1 ± 5.1	6.6 ± 4.4°°	8.0 ± 5.0	8.2 ± 5.2	8.3 ± 5.4	7.8 ± 4.6
Ser. creatinine (mg/dL)	0.9 ± 0.2	0.9 ± 0.2	0.9 ± 0.2	0.9 ± 0.2	0.9 ± 0.2	0.9 ± 0.1	0.9 ± 0.1	0.9 ± 0.2
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	143.5 ± 73.2	151.7 ± 83.4	146.3 ± 75.0	142.9 ± 72.9	146.7 ± 64.9	145.9 ± 83.6	139.7 ± 80.1	154.4 ± 68.2
Tot. Cholesterol (mg/dL)	212.0 $\pm$ 36.5	208.5 ± 35.1	213.1 ± 40.5	211.8 ± 35.7	207.7 ± 31.2	217.8 ± 46.9	209.4 ± 37.3	217.7 ± 44.1

Data are mean ± SD or numbers and percentages (in brackets).
* $P<\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}}.05$, **$P<.01$, ***$P\le .001$ versus Fundoscopy YES; °$P<.05$, °°$P<.01$, °°°$P\le .001$ versus Retinopathy YES; ^{^}$P<.01$ versus ndCCB YES.