The Role of Medications in Causing Dry Eye

Table 3

Systemic drugs probably causing or aggravating dry eyes [13].

Class	Examples
Antihypertensive agents (beta-agonists)	Acebutolol
Antihypertensive agent (alpha-agonists)	Atenolol
Antiarrhythmic agents (beta blockers)	Carvedilol
	Labetalol; Metoprolol; Nadolol; Pindolol; Clonidine; Prazosin; Oxprenolol; Propranolol
Antipsychotic agents	Chlorpromazine
	Fluphenazine; Lithium carbonate; Perphenazine; Prochlorperazine; Promethazine; Quetiapine; Thiethylperazine; Thioridazine; Brompheniramine; Carbinoxamine; Chlorphenamine (chlorpheniramine); Clemastine; Cyproheptadine; Dexchlorpheniramine
Bronchodilators	Diphenhydramine
Antispasmodics/ antimuscarinic	Doxylamine
Antiarrythmic agents	Ipratropium
	Atropine; Homatropine; Tolterodine; Hyoscine (scopolamine); Hyoscine methobromide (methscopolamine); Disopyramide
Antineoplastic agents	Busulfan
	Cyclophosphamide; Interferon (alpha, beta, gamma, or PEG); Vinblastine; Cetuximab; Erlotinib; Gefitinib
Antihistamines	Cetirizine
	Desloratadine; Fexofenadine; Loratadine; Olopatadine; Tripelennamine
Antidepressants	Citalopram
	Fluoxetine; Fluvoxamine; Paroxetine; Sertraline
Antileprosy agents	Clofazimine
Antirheumatic agents/analgesics	Aspirin
	Ibuprofen
Sedatives and hypnotics	Primidone
Drugs secreted in tears	Aspirin
	Chloroquine; Clofazimine; Docetaxel; Ethyl alcohol; Hydroxychloroquine; Ibuprofen; Isotretinoin
Antiandrogens	Tamsulosin
	Terazosin; Doxazosin; Alfuzosin
Neurotoxins	Botulinum A or B toxin
Antimalarial agents	Chloroquine
	Hydroxychloroquine
Retinoids	Isotretinoin
Antiviral	Aciclovir
Thiazides	Bendroflumethiazide
	Chlorothiazide; Chlortalidone; Hydrochlorothiazide; Hydroflumethiazide; Indapamide; Methyclothiazide; Metolazone; Polythiazide; Trichlormethiazide
Cannabinoids	Dronabinol
	Hashish; Marijuana
Chelating agents	Methoxsalen
Strong analgesics	Morphine
	Opium/opioids
Antipsychotic agents	Pimozide

∗References for the above systemic medications provided at http://www.eyedrugregistry.com/.