Diagnostic Validity of Clinical Signs Associated with a Large Exophoria at Near

Table 2

Comparison of samples between both groups of patients.

Test	NH-LVD group; (𝑁=33); Average value ± SD	EXO-MHVD group; (𝑁=33); Average value ± SD	𝑃-value
AC/A	2.41/1 ± 1.31 Δ/D	1.96 ± 0.84 Δ/D	0.25
AA	10.97 ± 1.71 D	11.04 ± 2.03 D	0.83
MAF	12.86 ± 3.34 cpm	7.28 ± 5.29 cpm	<0.001*
BAF	10.82 ± 3.62 cpm	4.45 ± 4.14 cpm	<0.001*
MEM	0.61 ± 0.23 D	0.34 ± 0.37 D	0.002*
NRA	2.30 ± 0.32 D	2.07 ± 0.43 D	0.02*
PRA	3.56 ± 1.13 D	4.23 ±1.54 D	0.10
PFV blur	19.68 ± 6.11 Δ	16.70 ± 6.46 Δ	0.09
PFV break	25.64 ± 7.05 Δ	22.85 ± 8.42 Δ	0.10
PFV recovery	13.61 ± 6.35 Δ	13.73 ± 7.24 Δ	0.90
NPC break	2.93 ± 2.02 cm	7.00 ± 4.13 cm	<0.001*
NPC recovery	7.41 ± 1.19 cm	11.07 ± 3.05 cm	<0.001*
VF	15.91 ± 2.57 cpm	10.35 ± 6.16 cpm	<0.001*
Stereopsis	42.73 ± 9.45^#	39.85 ± 9.23^#	0.31

NH-LVD: normal heterophoria and low visual discomfort; EXO-MHVD: large exophoria at near and moderate or high visual discomfort; SD: standard deviation, AC/A: ratio AC/A, AA: accommodative amplitude, MAF: monocular accommodative facility, MEM: monocular estimated method, NRA: negative relative accommodation, PRA: positive relative accommodation, BAF: binocular accommodative facility, VF: vergence facility, PFV: positive fusional vergence, NPC: near point of convergence, Δ: prismatic diopter, D: diopter, cpm: cycles per minute, (^#): seconds of arch. (∗P < 0.05 indicates statistically significant differences between both groups).