Review Article
Ischemic Retinal Vasculitis and Its Management
Table 1
Cause of retinal vasculitis according to the type of vessels involved and association with retinal ischemia.
| | Mainly involve arteries | Mainly involve veins | Associated with retinal ischemia |
| Infectious disorders | Acute retinal necrosis Toxoplasmosis Cat scratch disease West Nile virus | Tuberculous hypersensitivity Syphilis CMV HIV Rift Valley fever virus HTLV-1 | Tuberculous hypersensitivity West Nile virus |
| Noninfectious disorders | SLE APHA Takayasu’s disease IRVAN GPA Churg-Strauss syndrome Crohn’s disease Polyarteritis nodosa Susac syndrome Dermatomyositis | Behçet’s disease Sarcoidosis Multiple sclerosis Birdshot chorioretinopathy APMPPE Pars planitis HLAB27 associated uveitis | Behçet’s disease Sarcoidosis Multiple sclerosis SLE APHA Takayasu’s disease IRVAN GPA Dermatomyositis Churg-Strauss syndrome Crohn’s disease Polyarteritis nodosa Susac syndrome Idiopathic retinal vasculitis |
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SLE: systemic lopus erythematosus; APHA: antiphospholipid antibody syndrome; IRVAN: idiopathic retinal vasculitis, arteriolar macroaneurysms, and neuroretinitis; CMV: cytomegalovirus; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; HTLV-1: human T-cell lymphoma virus type 1; APMPPE: acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy; GPA: granulomatosis with polyangiitis.
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