The Role of Gender in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis-Associated Uveitis

Table 3

Summary of gender specific findings in patients with JIA-associated uveitis in some of the recent published articles.

Author/year	Males were more likely to have	Females were more likely to have
Saurenman et al./2007 [14]	(i) Symptomatic uveitis; (ii) A shorter interval between diagnosis of arthritis and uveitis; (iii) An older age at diagnosis of JIA; (iv) Enthesitis-related arthritis and psoriatic JIA.	(i) Female sex was a risk factor for the development of uveitis in patients with oligoarticular and persistent oligoarticular JIA, but not in those with the other subtypes.; (ii) Females were more likely to have oligoarticular JIA.
Saurenman et al./2010 [18]		(i) Only girls had an age-dependent and ANA-associated increased risk of uveitis.; (ii) Female sex (LR 8.0, 𝑃=0.004) and the combination of female sex and young age at diagnosis (LR 6.7, 𝑃=0.009) were significantly associated with the development of uveitis.; (iii) Girls had a higher rate of ANA positivity compared with boys, in all age groups (𝑃<0.0001).
Sabri et al./2008 [26]	(i) Male patients tended to have a greater rate of uveitis complications (48.3% vs 33.5% in female patients); this difference was not statistically significant (𝑃=0.17).; (ii) Male patients were more likely to have earlier complications than female patients (𝑃=0.008), including earlier synechiae formation (𝑃=0.03).	The majority of patients who developed uveitis (79.6%) was female.
Ayuso et al./2010 [25]	(i) Male gender appeared to be independently associated with cataract surgery CME and papillitis (𝑃<0.05).; (ii) Time between the diagnosis of arthritis and uveitis was shorter in boys than in girls (0.3 vs 1.0 years).; (iii) Boys presented with uveitis as initial manifestation of JIA more frequently than girls (44% vs 15% of girls).
Hoeve et al./2012 [27]	Uveitis in boys was more frequently diagnosed before the onset of arthritis.	Girls were significantly younger than boys at diagnosis of JIA; however, the age at diagnosis of JIA-associated uveitis was similar for boys and girls.
Edelsten et al./2002 [21]	(i) Male sex was associated with increased complications in the standard cohort.; (ii) Male sex was found to be independently associated with a higher complication rate, and the rate appeared to be higher in the first 4 years.; (iii) After 8 years the complication rate was 38.4% for males and 9.7% for females.	Females in the standard cohort had the most benign disease with 5% complication rate and 54% remission rate.
Zulian et al./2002 [22]	Males were more susceptible to severe ocular involvement.
Chia et al./2003 [23]	(i) Male children are more likely to have severe uveitis at diagnosis.; (ii) Male patients developed uveitis at shorter intervals from the onset of arthritis symptoms (median 5 vs 18 months).

CME: cystoid macular edema; JIA: juvenile-associated arthritis; vs: versus.