Research Article
Costs and Quality of Life in Diabetic Macular Edema: Canadian Burden of Diabetic Macular Edema Observational Study (C-REALITY)
Table 3
Mean 6-month DME-related cost per patient.
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Item | Mean () | SD | % of Total Cost |
| | Direct costs | Drug treatment | | | | | Intravitreal steroid injections | $53 | $169 | 3% | | Anti-VEGF | $1,024 | $2,033 | 49% | | Medications for adverse effects of DME treatment | $12 | $52 | <1% | | Therapies (laser photocoagulation, surgical vitrectomy) | $260 | $298 | 12% | | Procedures | $100 | $132 | 5% | | Healthcare professionals | $295 | $191 | 14% | | Patient travel to healthcare professional | $135 | $173 | 6% | | Medical devices | $85 | $162 | 4% | | ER visits | $3 | $31 | <1% | | Ambulance | $4 | $44 | <1% |
| | Indirect costs | Time loss from work patient | $90 | $720 | 4% | | Time loss from work caregiver | $30 | $117 | 1% |
| | Total | | $2,092 | $2,339 | |
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ER: emergency room; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; SD: standard deviation.
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