Research Article

Particle Swarm Optimization for Multiband Metamaterial Fractal Antenna

Table 1

Comparison of PSO and BFO for structural optimization of square SRR at a particular desired frequency. The substrate dielectric constant is 3.86, and desired frequency is 2.388 GHz.

Optimization techniquesAccuracy ( )Gap between rings (in mm)Width of rings (in mm)Length (in mm)Execution time (in seconds)

BFO0.001610.120.123.9612.55
PSO0.0004420.140.103.951.04