Particle Swarm Optimization for Multiband Metamaterial Fractal Antenna

Table 3

Characteristics of the fractal patch antenna after the addition of metamaterial structure.

Parameters	Resonant frequency of the fractal patch (GHz)
	3.37	4.96	6.42	7.76	8.93	12.37
Bandwidth (MHz)	40	85	99.5	220	60	420
(without SRR)
Bandwidth (MHz)	46	340	120	220	120	460
(with SRR)
Return loss (dB)	−12.50	−31.52	−26.8	−20.35	−13.30	−21.26
(with SRR)
Directivity (dB)	−3.14	4.86	3.31	7.79	5.69	6.21
(with SRR)