Research Article

Testosterone and the Male Skeleton: A Dual Mode of Action

Table 4

Summary of the skeletal phenotypes in mice with different sex steroid-related gene inactivations.

Cancellous bone
Longitudinal skeletal growthCortical bone areaIntact miceEffect of E in OrchEffect of T in OrchEffect of DHT in Orch

BERKO000YesNDYes
ERKO+NoYesYes
DERKO+NoNDYes
ArKOYesNDND
Tfm??YesPartialND

+: Increased; −: decreased; 0: no effect; conflicting results; ND: not determined; Orch: orchidectomy; E: treatment with physiological levels of estrogen; T: treatment with physiological of testosterone; DHT: treatment with physiological levels of 5α-dihydrotestosterone.