A Study of Bone Mineral Density and Its Determinants in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Table 4

Differences in bone mineral density 𝑧 scores in T1DM subjects and age, sex, and body mass index matched controls at lumbar spine (L2–L4) (expressed as mean ± SD).

BMD 𝑧 Score	T1DM	Control	P value
Lumbar spine	−1.03±1.19	−0.57±1.04	<0.01
Males (53/100)	−1.12±1.37	−0.77±1.05	0.02
<20 (5/8)	−1.84±1.19	−1.68±1.09	0.19
20–30 (37/72)	−1.21±1.46	−0.7±0.84	0.02
>30 (11/20)	−0.7±0.77	−0.59±0.82	0.33
Females (22/40)	−1.06±1.77	−0.23±1.38	<0.01
<20 (5/8)	−1.61±2.36	−1.37±0.98	0.21
20–30 (7/12)	−1.5±2.29	0.39±1.20	0.14
>30 (10/20)	−0.51±0.81	−0.1±1.29	0.21

BMD: bone mineral density; T1DM: type 1 diabetes mellitus.
The numbers in brackets indicate the number of subjects in each subgroup cases and controls. For example, males (53/100) to be read as 53 T1DM cases and 100 healthy controls were in this group.