Clinical Study

Association of Bone Loss with the Upregulation of Survival-Related Genes and Concomitant Downregulation of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin and Osteoblast Differentiation-Related Genes in the Peripheral Blood of Late Postmenopausal Osteoporotic Women

Figure 1

Relative expression of RUNX2, ALPL, TGFβ1, cathepsin K, MMP-9, TNFα, IL-1β, mTOR, ULK1, caspase-3, and p21 genes with reference to β-actin gene in the peripheral blood of 22 postmenopausal OP patients compared to 26 healthy age-matched control women (control). Each point represents the mean ± SD. Significant differences as compared to the control are indicated by asterisks.