The Effect of Long-Term Exercise on the Production of Osteoclastogenic and Antiosteoclastogenic Cytokines by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and on Serum Markers of Bone Metabolism

Figure 9

Osteoclastogenic cytokines in women and men. Exercise attenuated the production of TNF-α and IFN-γ in PHA⁺ cultures in both women and men. In PHA⁻ cultures, levels of TNF-α (women) and IFN-γ (men) also fell. The white and black columns represent pre- and postexercise levels, respectively. Results are given as the mean ± SEM. indicates a p value of <.05 (two-sided t-test for dependent samples). Note that men spontaneously produced more osteogenic cytokines than women both before and after exercise.